Algeldrate (Aluminium hydroxide) is the amphoteric inorganic compound used as an antacid in the treatment of Duodenal, Peptic and Stomach Ulcer and some other conditions. Aluminium hydroxide is preferred over other alternatives such as sodium bicarbonate because Al(OH)3, being insoluble, does not increase the pH of stomach above 7 and hence, does not trigger secretion of excess acid by the stomach. Brand names include Alu-Cap, Aludrox, Gaviscon or Pepsamar. It reacts with the excess acid in the stomach, reducing the acidity of the stomach content, which may relieve the symptoms of ulcers, heartburn or dyspepsia. Such products can cause constipation, because the aluminum ions inhibit the contractions of smooth muscle cells in the gastrointestinal tract, slowing peristalsis and lengthening the time needed for stool to pass through the colon. Some such products (such as Maalox) are formulated to minimize such effects through the inclusion of equal concentrations of magnesium hydroxide or magnesium carbonate, which have counterbalancing laxative effects. This compound is also used to control phosphate (phosphorus) levels in the blood of people suffering from kidney failure. Precipitated aluminum hydroxide is included as an adjuvant in some vaccines (e.g. anthrax vaccine). One of the well-known brands of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant is Alhydrogel, made by Brenntag Biosector. Since it absorbs protein well, it also functions to stabilize vaccines by preventing the proteins in the vaccine from precipitating or sticking to the walls of the container during storage. Aluminium hydroxide is sometimes mistakenly called "alum", which properly refers to aluminum potassium sulfate. Vaccine formulations containing aluminum hydroxide stimulate the immune system by inducing the release of uric acid, an immunological danger signal. This strongly attracts certain types of monocytes which differentiate into dendritic cells. The dendritic cells pick up the antigen, carry it to lymph nodes, and stimulate T cells and B cells. It appears to contribute to induction of a good Th2 response, so is useful for immunizing against pathogens that are blocked by antibodies. In the 1960s and 1970s, it was speculated that aluminum was related to various neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease. Since then, multiple epidemiological studies have found no connection between exposure to aluminum and neurological disorders.

Loxoribine [RWJ 217C7] is an immunostimulant which was developed by Johnson and Johnson. It is a selective agonist for TLR7 (Toll-like receptor 7), which possesses antitumor and antiviral properties and was investigated in a rat model of endometriosis and in addition, in phase I of a clinical trial for patients with advanced cancer.

Veledimex is an oral activator ligand for a proprietary gene therapy promoter system, and a moderate inhibitor of and substrate for CYP3A4/5. Veledimex controls the expression of the target gene. The amount of gene product produced by the system and the duration of the effect is dependent on veledimex dose level and duration of dosing. Nonclinical studies demonstrated that intratumoral administration of Ad-RTS-IL12 along with oral administration of veledimex elicited dose-dependent anti-tumor effects in murine melanoma, breast cancer and glioma models which correlated with increased plasma exposure of veledimex. The FDA granted Fast Track designation for Ad-RTS-hIL-12 plus veledimex for the treatment of recurrent or progressive glioblastoma multiforme in adults. Ad-RTS-hIL-12 is an inducible adenoviral vector encoding human pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12), which is under the transcriptional control of the RheoSwitch Therapeutic System. Veledixmex is an oral activator ligand. Data previously presented suggest that Ad-RTS-hIL-12 with 20 mg veledimex improves the median overall survival from 6 to 9 months seen with available therapies to 12.7 months, with further improvement in median overall survival to 17.8 months in a subset of subjects with reduced cumulative steroid exposure during the active dosing period of veledimex. Veledimex has been used in trials studying the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme, metastatic breast cancer, and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma.

Levamisole (the trade name Ergamisol), an anthelminthic drug with immunological properties. It also has antitumor activity when administered with 5-fluorouracil in patients with Duke's C colorectal carcinoma; however, this use was discontinued. The mechanism of the antitumor effect is unknown but has been postulated to be related to levamisole's immunomodulatory properties. Levamisole can stimulate antibody formation to various antigens, enhance T-cell responses by stimulating T-cell activation and proliferation, potentiate monocyte and macrophage functions including phagocytosis, chemotaxis and increases motility, adherence, and chemotaxis. Levamisole inhibits alkaline phosphatase and possesses cholinergic activity. The mechanism of action of levamisole as an antiparasitic agent, for example, to treat ascariasis, relates to its agonistic activity to L-subtype nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in nematode muscles. In addition, levamisole was studied for preventing relapses of the steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (SSINS). It was shown, that alone or in combination with steroids, the drug can prolong the time to relapse and prevented recurrence during one year of treatment. However, these studies also were also discontinued.

Tetramisole is a racemic mixture of levamisole and its enantiomer dexamisole, which is a specific inhibitor of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). This drug is used in veterinary to treat of ascariasis and other worm infections e.g hook-"ms. And also is used as an immunostimulant (in that case it is used for longer periods of time).

QS-21 is a purified soapbark tree (Quillaja saponaria) extract that enhances the ability of the immune system to respond to vaccine antigens. QS-21 is a promising adjuvant candidate for use in humans due to the ease of purification, its improved safety profile, and its ability to enhance cellular and humoral immunogenicity. The mechanism of action of QS-21 was speculated to be similar to QA, forming complexes with cholesterol that intercalate into the cell membrane lipids. This intercalation creates pores in the membrane to accelerate the uptake of a co-delivered antigen by the antigen presenting cells. Multiple clinical trials using QS-21 as an adjuvant, demonstrated satisfactory safety profiles and enhanced immunogenicity in immunocompromised volunteers

Sizofiran (Schizophyllan, SPG, Sonifilan, Sizofilan) is a soluble beta-D-glucan produced by the Basidiomycetes fungus, Schizophyllum commune Fries, with potential immunomodulating and antitumor activities. Although sizofiran’s exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, this agent appears to stimulate the immune system by increasing cytokine production, activating macrophages and Langerhans cells and enhancing the activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PML) and natural killer (NK) cells. Sizofiran was found rather ineffective against gastric cancer, but extended survival time in patients with head and neck cancer. In cervical cancer, Sizofiran prolonged survival and time to recurrence for stage II cases but not stage III, and showed added effectiveness when injected directly into the tumor mass. Sonifilan is used as a biological response modifier (BRM) with radiation therapy for cancer treatment in Japan. It was launched for cervical cancer in South Korea in 1998.