Zorubicin is a benzoylhydrazone derivative of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic daunorubicin, but it introduces lower cardiomyopathy and bone marrow toxicity. Zorubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair as well as RNA and protein synthesis. The cytotoxic effect results from intercalation between DNA pairs. To minimize toxicity, individualized dose regimens are given preferentially over prolonged periods of time by carefully inspecting i.v. administration to prevent extravasation.

Tilarginine is L-N-monomethyl arginine (L -NMMA), a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which has been studied in the treatment of septic shock and cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction. Despite strong evidence that excessive nitric oxide (NO) production plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of septic shock and may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction, outcome studies in these two disorders have proved disappointing. Tilarginine therapy was associated with an excess mortality, particularly at doses > 5 mg/(kg h), in septic shock, whereas the effects of a lower dose (1 mg/(kg h)) in cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction were neutral. The excess mortality in patients with septic shock was almost certainly the result of unfavorable hemodynamic changes induced by Tilarginine (decreased cardiac output, increased pulmonary vascular resistance and reduced tissue oxygen delivery) whereas the lack of benefit in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction may have been because the dose of Tilarginine was too low.

Delapril is a lipophilic nonsulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which has been shown to exert potent ACE inhibitory activity and is marketed as an antihypertensive drug. Delapril has been shown to exist in solution as a mixture of s-cis and s-trans conformational isomers, as a result of restricted rotation about the amide bond.

Oxetorone is an antimigraine drug used for the disease-modifying treatment of migraines and marketed in several European countries. It works by non-selective inhibition of serotonin receptors and antihistamine agent. The therapeutic effects of oxetorone are primarily linked to antiserotonergic and also antihistamine and anti-adrenergic properties. Antidopaminergic properties are also suspected because hyperprolactinemia and extrapyramidal reactions have been observed. Adverse effects are: hypertonia, drowsiness at the start of treatment, diarrhoea and lymphocytic colitis. Acute intoxications by oxetorone, although uncommon, are potentially severe poisonings.

levomethadone, or R-(−)-methadone, is the active enantiomer of methadone; having approximately 50x the potency of the S-(+)-enantiomer as well as greater μ-opioid receptor selectivity.

(-)-Propranolol is a small molecule β-adrenergic receptor antagonist and the active isomer of (±)-Propranolol preparations. (-)-Propranolol blocks the binding of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and other endogenous catecholamines to the β-adrenergic receptor, impeding increases in cardiac flow velocity and general stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system signaled by the association of these molecules to the β-adrenergic receptor. In addition to blockade of agonist binding, antagonism of the β-adrenergic receptor by (-)-Propranolol produces negative chronotropic and inotropic action, effectively dampening the force and rate of cardiac contraction. These negative chronotropic and inotropic effects correlate to a demonstrated suppression of adrenaline-induced cardiac arrhythmia by (-)-Propranolol. Suppression of β-adrenergic receptor activation by (-)-Propranolol has been widely exploited in counteracting situations sensitive to heightened cardiac activity including hypertension, angina pectoris, and cardiac ischemia.

Lefetamine (L-SPA; L-1,2-diphenyl-l-dimethylaminoethane hydrochloride) is a synthetic compound with analgesic and anti-inflammatory action, introduced in clinical practice in Italy and Japan as ‘Santenol’. Santenol is available for oral (50 mg tablets1 and intramuscular (60 mg vials containing also lidocainel use. Animal studies have shown an analgesic effect and changes in EEG activity and O2 consumption of the nervous tissue. Lefetamine may be an opioid partial agonist. Lefetamine was first marketed in the 1940s as an opioid analgesic. Since withdrawal symptoms were observed during treatment, it became a controlled substance.

Bendazac, (1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl-oxy)-acetic acid, is structurally related to indomethacin. Its lysine salt has been reported to be absorbed better than the parent compound. It is applied topically as bendazac lysine 0.5% (wt/vol) aqueous solution for delaying the progression of cataract. Topical application of bendazac is associated with transient burning sensation. It reduces the secretion of the skin ulcer surface, promotes skin formation and accelerates tissue repair.

Mecysteine is used as a mucolytic in respiratory disorders associated with productive cough. Mecysteine is known as a mucolytic agent, it breaks down mucus. It works by breaking some of the chemical bonds between the molecules in mucus. It is given orally in a usual dose of 200 mg three times daily before meals reduced to 200 mg twice daily after 6 weeks. A rapid clinical effect can be achieved by giving 200 mg four times daily for the first 2 days. Mecysteine has also been given by inhalation.

Clevudine (also known as L-FMAU) is a nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, which inhibits the DNA synthesis activity of the hepatitis B virus polymerase. The drug was approved in Korea and Philippines and is being marketed under the names Levovir and Revovir. The drug is indicated in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Upon administration, clevudine is metabolized to the active metabolite, clevudine triphosphate, which is responsible for the inhibition of viral polymerase.