Betrixaban is an anticoagulant drug which acts as a direct factor Xa inhibitor. Betrixaban is now being developed by Portola Pharmaceuticals. Oral, once-daily Factor Xa inhibitor anticoagulant that directly inhibits the activity of Factor Xa, an important validated target in the blood coagulation pathway, to prevent life-threatening thrombosis. U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted Fast Track designation to betrixaban for extended-duration prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE; blood clots) in acute medically ill patients (i.e., those who are hospitalized for serious medical conditions, such as heart failure, stroke, infection and pulmonary disease). Has the potential to become the first oral Factor Xa inhibitor anticoagulant approved for hospital-to-home prevention of VTE in acute medically ill patients.

Ioxaglate Sodium Meglumine (trade name Hexabrix) is a new low osmolality ionic contrast agent, that used as a diagnostic radiopaque medium. Following intravascular injection, Ioxaglate Sodium Meglumine is rapidly transported through the circulatory system to the kidneys and is excreted unchanged in the urine. The joint spaces as well as the uterus and fallopian tubes may be visualized by the direct injection of the contrast medium into the region to be studied. The usual adult dose for left coronary arteriography is 8 mL (range 2-14 mL) and for right coronary arteriography is 5 mL (range 1-10 mL). The doses may be repeated as necessary Patients may have clinically insignificant ECG changes during the procedure. The following adverse effects have occurred in conjunction with the administration of iodinated intravascular contrast agents for this procedure: hypotension, shock, anginal pain, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias (bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation) and cardiac arrest.

Ioxaglate Sodium Meglumine (trade name Hexabrix) is a new low osmolality ionic contrast agent, that used as a diagnostic radiopaque medium. Following intravascular injection, Ioxaglate Sodium Meglumine is rapidly transported through the circulatory system to the kidneys and is excreted unchanged in the urine. The joint spaces as well as the uterus and fallopian tubes may be visualized by the direct injection of the contrast medium into the region to be studied. The usual adult dose for left coronary arteriography is 8 mL (range 2-14 mL) and for right coronary arteriography is 5 mL (range 1-10 mL). The doses may be repeated as necessary Patients may have clinically insignificant ECG changes during the procedure. The following adverse effects have occurred in conjunction with the administration of iodinated intravascular contrast agents for this procedure: hypotension, shock, anginal pain, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias (bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation) and cardiac arrest.

I-123 radiolabeled ortho-iodohippurate is commonly employed for evaluating effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) by means of either in vivo scintigraphy and/or plasma clearance curves. It has been used to evaluate renal functioning in patients with obstructive uropathy, vesicorenal reflux, hypertensiion due to renal artery stenosis.

Sulisobenzone (benzophenone-4) is an ingredient for use in sunscreens which protects the skin from damage by UVB and short-wave UVA ultraviolet light. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of Benzophenone-4 as safe and effective, over-the-counter (OTC) sunscreen ingredient. Sulisobenzone is a subject to the FDA 2011 sunscreen final rule: it can be marketed without approved drug applications (without NDAs or ANDAs), must bear the statement of identity “sunscreen" and contain the information about SPF test. However it is said to be widely used in cosmetic products not labeled as sunscreens such as creams, moisturizers, shampoos and other hair care products, nail polish, lipsticks and lip balms. Sulisobenzone may cause contact dermatitis when used in cosmetics and toiletries. Benzophenone 4 is tested as 10%. It was reported that 10% sulisobenzone enhance skin penetration of the moderately lipophilic herbicide 2,4-D.

MERSALYL (Mersal) is an organomercury compound, mercurial diuretics that superseded by safer diuretics such as thiazides, and is hardly used anymore. Due to the idiosyncratic nature of mercury toxicity, the risk of severe disease and sudden death are unpredictable and frequently show no warning signs. Mercurial diuretics cause diuresis by reducing the reabsorption sodium in the ascending loop of Henle, thus causing more water being delivered to the distal convoluted tubule. Unfortunately, earlier physicians misconstrued hallmark symptoms of mercury poisoning such as excessive salivation as signs of mercury's efficacy, including up until the early 1960s when the use of mercurial diuretics was halted in medicine.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an enzyme required for the formation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), a form of folate able to cross the blood-brain barrier and which is necessary as a substrate for the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine by methionine synthase. Patients with severe MTHFR deficiency cannot make 5-MTHF and have extremely low levels in the CSF. Only treatment with oral 5-MTHF given as calcium mefolinate resulted in an increase in CSF 5-MTHF.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an enzyme required for the formation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), a form of folate able to cross the blood-brain barrier and which is necessary as a substrate for the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine by methionine synthase. Patients with severe MTHFR deficiency cannot make 5-MTHF and have extremely low levels in the CSF. Only treatment with oral 5-MTHF given as calcium mefolinate resulted in an increase in CSF 5-MTHF.

For people with MTHFR gene variations, supplementing with the already activated form of folate (5-MTHF/5- METHYLTETRAHYDROFOLATE/LEVOMEFOLIC ACID) is far more effective in providing this form of folate than introducing the pre-converted form to the body through typical folate supplements. L-Methylfolate (5-MTHF) supplements provide the active form of folate naturally present in the body and available for biological action. 5-MTHF—the “active” form of folate that is able to pass the blood brain barrier. However, without a properly functioning methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, MTHFR this conversion cannot take place and folate is not converted to forms that can cross the blood brain barrier. That is where 5-MTHF supplements come in. Levomefolate calcium is structurally identical to L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (L-5-methyl-THF), a metabolite of vitamin B9. Mean baseline concentrations of about 15 nmol/L are reached in populations without folate food fortification under normal nutritional conditions. Orally administered levomefolate calcium is absorbed and is incorporated into the body folate pool. Peak plasma concentrations of about 50 nmol/L above baseline are reached within 0.5 – 1.5 hours after single oral administration of 0.451 mg levomefolate calcium. Steady state conditions for total folate in plasma after intake of 0.451 mg levomefolate calcium. In red blood cells, achievement of steady state is delayed due to the long lifespan of red blood cells of about 120 days. Levomefolate calcium is a part of contraceptive tablets: SAFYRA. Safyral is an estrogen/progestin COC (Combined Oral Contraceptive) containing a folate, indicated for use by women to: prevent pregnancy and raise folate levels in women who choose to use an oral contraceptive for contraception. COCs lower the risk of becoming pregnant primarily by suppressing ovulation. Other possible mechanisms may include cervical mucus changes that inhibit sperm penetration and endometrial changes that reduce the likelihood of implantation.