Maltose, a disaccharide, is found mainly in grains and cereals. Nutritionally, maltose provides the same number of calories as starches and other sugars. Maltose can be the agent responsible for the primary signals to induce the sensations of hunger and satiation in human beings. It was shown, that parenterally administered maltose could be of clinical value.

Adimolol is an antihypertensive agent with a potent antagonist of central beta-adrenoceptors and has a weaker alpha 1-adrenolytic action. The central alpha 2-antagonistic effect is either very weak or absent. The reduction in beta-adrenoceptor number following adimolol suggests that this prolonged effect may not be solely due to competitive antagonism but may additionally depend upon non-competitive antagonism at beta-adrenoceptors. Adimolol reduced supine, standing and exercise heart rates in a dose dependent manner.

Tesaglitazar, a dihydro cinnamate derivative (AZ 242), is a dual agonist of PPARα and γ that demonstrates IC50 values of 1 and 0.2 µM, respectively. It has been investigated its potential to address disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes. The drug had completed several phase III clinical trials, however in May, 2006 AstraZeneca announced that it had discontinued further development. Following analysis and interpretation of recently obtained results from the first four of eight phase 3 clinical trials (GALLANT 6,7,8 and 9) and one phase 2 trial (ARMOR), which were reviewed in consultation with external experts, the company considers that the overall benefit/risk profile is unlikely to offer patients significant advantage over currently available therapy. Central to the decision is data showing elevations in serum creatinine and an associated decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The magnitude of the serum creatinine elevation was greater than anticipated based on earlier clinical studies. Such elevations reversed towards baseline upon stopping treatment with the drug and have not been associated with kidney toxicity.

Tropisetron (Tropisetron-AFT) is a potent and selective serotonin 3 (5-hydroxytryptamine3; 5-HT3) receptor antagonist with antiemetic properties, probably mediated via antagonism of receptors both at peripheral sites and in the central nervous system. Surgery and treatment with certain substances, including some chemotherapeutic agents, may trigger the release of serotonin from enterochromaffin-like cells in the visceral mucosa and initiate the emesis reflex and its accompanying feeling of nausea. Tropisetron (Tropisetron-AFT) selectively blocks the excitation of the presynaptic 5-HT3 receptors of the peripheral neurons in this reflex, and may exert additional direct actions within the CNS on 5-HT3 receptors mediating the actions of vagal input to the area postrema.