Trihydroxychalcone (Isoliquiritigenin, ISL) is a flavonoid found in licorice root and several other plants that displays antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antitumor activities as well as hepatoprotection against steatosis-induced oxidative stress. Trihydroxychalcone is a potent antimetastatic agent, which can markedly inhibit the metastatic and invasive capacity of prostate cancer cells. The inhibition of JNK/AP-1 signaling may be one of the mechanisms by which ISL inhibits cancer cell invasion and migration. Trihydroxychalcone has been shown to be a BACE1 inhibitor, which could ameliorate memory impairment in mice, and is expected to be potentially used as a lead compound for further anti-AD reagent development.

Astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside) is extracted from many traditional herbs and medicinal plants. Astragalin extracted from persimmon and Rosa agrestis leaves has anti-atopic dermatitis and antioxidant activity. Several biological functions of astragalin have been studied, including inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production and angiotensin converting enzyme activity. It has been reported that astragalin has the inhibitory effect on NO and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in Raw 264.7 cells. Astragalin is a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory activity. It may be a promising cancer therapeutic drug and it has the potential of preventing atherosclerosis formation.