Bucladesine is a cyclic nucleotide derivative which mimics the action of endogenous cAMP and is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The compound is used in a wide variety of research applications because it mimics cAMP and can induce normal physiological responses when added to cells in experimental conditions. cAMP is only able to elicit minimal responses in these situations. The neurite outgrowth instigated by bucladesine in cell cultures has been shown to be enhanced by nardosinone. Recently, the effect of bucladesine as a cAMP analog has been studied on the pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure in the wild-type mice. The data showed that bucladesine (300nM/mouse) reduced the seizure latency and threshold. In addition they found that combination of bucladesine and pentoxyfillin has additive effect on seizure latency and threshold. Bucladesine is more lipophilic than cAMP and in contrast to cAMP capable of penetrating cell membranes. Bucladesine interferes with different protein kinases which are normally activated by cAMP. Bucladesine has undergone in the past clinical developments as systemic treatment for cardioprotection and as topical treatment to improve wound healing. In Japan, a bucladesine ointment (Actosin® ointment; Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was marketed to treat skin ulcers. Clinical studies have shown favourable effects on diabetic foot ulcers or decubitus, but the compound was later withdrawn despite good tolerability. One possible reason for the withdrawal may be the odour of the cream formulation which can be related to the hydrolytic cleavage in aqueous solutions resulting in release of butyric acid.

Haloxon is an organophosphorus anthelmintic once used against nematodes of the abomasum and small intestine in ruminants. Haloxon is an organophosphorus cholinesterase antagonist. Laboratory and field trials with 7-day-old, 14-day-old and adult infections of the common gastrointestinal nematodes in 600 sheep showed that Haloxon at a dose rate of 30 to 55 mg. per kg. body-weight was a very highly efficient anthelrnintic. The drug was particularly effective against all stages of Haemonchus contenus, Trichostrongylus spp. and Coopería curticei; it was more active against adult than against larval Ostertagia spp" and Nematodirus spp. High activity was also reported against Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigono-cephalum and Oesophagostomum venulosumum but not against Trichuris avis nor Chabertia ovina.

CLOMACRAN, a non-phenothiazine tricyclic compound, is an antipsychotic drug.

Clorfenvinfos (chlorfenvinphos) is an organophosphate insecticide, which is used to control insect pests on livestock, and to control household pests such as flies, fleas, and mites. Clorfenvinfos was sold under trade names including Birlane®, Dermaton®, Sapercon®, Steladone®, and Supona®. In 1991 all products containing clorfenvinfos were banned in the USA. Toxicity of clorfenvinfos is due to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Inhibition of cholinesterase activity results in the accumulation of acetylcholine at muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. This leads to continuous or excessive stimulation of cholinergic fibers in the post-ganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings, neuromuscular junctions of the skeletal muscles, resulting in hyperpolarization of nerve or muscle fibers and receptor desensitization until hydrolysis of the phosphorylated cholinesterase occurs. In some cases, a dealkylation and stabilization of the phosphorylated enzyme (“aging”) occur such that hydrolysis can no longer take place and the enzyme is irreversibly inhibited. In such cases, the return of acetylcholinesterase activity parallels the time required to resynthesize this enzyme.