Palmitoleic acid, commonly known as omega-7, is a rare monounsatured fatty acid, which was generally reported to benefit the skin in promoting epithelialisation, and certain gynaecological problems (vaginal mycoses). Until now, sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), a shrub widely found in Europe and Asia, and macadamia nuts have been the principal sources. Palmitoleic acid (PMA) has anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities. Palmitoleic acid is a gap junction uncoupler.

THIOCTIC ACID, also known as alpha-lipoic acid, is a vitamin-like antioxidant that acts as a free-radical scavenger. It exists in two enantiomeric forms, R and S, being the R isoform an essential cofactor of four mitochondrial enzyme complexes. THIOCTIC ACID is available as an over-the-counter nutritional supplement and has been used nutritionally and clinically since the 1950s for various diseases and conditions.

THIOCTIC ACID, also known as alpha-lipoic acid, is a vitamin-like antioxidant that acts as a free-radical scavenger. It exists in two enantiomeric forms, R and S, being the R isoform an essential cofactor of four mitochondrial enzyme complexes. THIOCTIC ACID is available as an over-the-counter nutritional supplement and has been used nutritionally and clinically since the 1950s for various diseases and conditions.

THIOCTIC ACID, also known as alpha-lipoic acid, is a vitamin-like antioxidant that acts as a free-radical scavenger. It exists in two enantiomeric forms, R and S, being the R isoform an essential cofactor of four mitochondrial enzyme complexes. THIOCTIC ACID is available as an over-the-counter nutritional supplement and has been used nutritionally and clinically since the 1950s for various diseases and conditions.

THIOCTIC ACID, also known as alpha-lipoic acid, is a vitamin-like antioxidant that acts as a free-radical scavenger. It exists in two enantiomeric forms, R and S, being the R isoform an essential cofactor of four mitochondrial enzyme complexes. THIOCTIC ACID is available as an over-the-counter nutritional supplement and has been used nutritionally and clinically since the 1950s for various diseases and conditions.

11(E)-Eicosenoic acid is a very long-chain ω-9 fatty acid that is a trans monounsaturated isomer of arachidic acid. 11(E)-Eicosenoic acid is one of several monounsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, and is used to study phospholipid membranes. The combined C20:1 isomers constitute 70% of the total fatty acid pool in jojoba seed oil isolated from plants in the Arizona desert. 11(E)-Eicosenoic acid has been shown to inhibit glycerophosphate acyltransferase, cholinephosphotransferase and ethanolaminephosphotransferase in V79-R cells. 11(E)-Eicosenoic acid lacks the cis-double bond and has virtually no effect on telomerase activity (unlike cis-Unsaturated C20 fatty acids, which demonstrate strong telomerase inhibition and have been studied as a promising cancer therapeutic target).