Hematoporphyrin (Photodyn), a porphyrin prepared from hemin, is used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. Photodynamic therapy is based on the use of light-sensitive photosensitizers. Photoactivation causes the formation of singlet oxygen, which produces peroxidative reactions that can cause cell damage and death. Hematoporphyrin was used as the therapeutic agent in patients with manic-depressive reactions and in patients with involutional melancholia. One of the last studies has shown, that Hematoporphyrin-Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with stent placement is an effective and safe treatment for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC).

Pimethixene is an antihistamine exerting sedative and antitussive properties. Pimethixene displayed high affinity to serotonin 5-HT2A and 2B, histamine H1 and muscarinic acetylcholine M2 receptors. Oral pimethixene used to calm dry cough and irritation coughs in children.

Bucumolol is a beta-adrenergic antagonist. It can be used in the treatment of myocardial ischemia and hypertension.

Mitoquinone is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant designed to accumulate within mitochondria in vivo in order to protect against oxidative damage. Mitoquinone comprises a positively charged lipophilic cation that drives its extensive accumulation within the negatively charged mitochondria inside cells. Because of the large mitochondria membrane potential, the cations accumulate within cellular mitochondria up to 1,000 fold, compared to non-targeted antioxidants such as Coenzyme Q or its analogs, enabling the antioxidant moiety to block lipid peroxidation and protect mitochondria from oxidative damage. By selectively blocking mitochondrial oxidative damage, it prevents cell death. Mitoquinone may help to prevent the nerve cell damage that leads to Parkinson's disease.

Etofylline [7-(2-hydroxyethyl)theophylline] is a N-7-substituted derivative of theophylline, a smooth muscle relaxant. Etofylline is used to relieve bronchoconstriction. It may act as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist.

Acefylline is a stimulant drug of the xanthine chemical class. It acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist. Acephylline piperazine is a theophylline derivative with a direct bronchodilator action. It has the advantages over theophylline in being far less toxic and producing minimal gastric irritation. It is indicated for the treatment of asthma, emphysema, acute and chronic bronchitis associated with bronchospasm.Acefylline relaxes smooth muscles, relieves bronchospasm & has a stimulant effect on respiration. It stimulates the myocardium & central nervous system, decreases peripheral resistance & venous pressure & causes diuresis. The mechanism of action is still not clear, inhibition of phosphodiesterase with a resulting increase in intracellular cyclic AMP does occur, but not apparently at concentrations normally used for clinical effect. Other proposed mechanisms of action include adenosine receptor antagonism, prostaglandin antagonism & effects on intracellular calcium. Sodium phenobarbital is a non-selective central nervous system depressant that is primarily used as sedative-hypnotic.

Hydrocotarnine is a crystalline alkaloid, obtained from opium and also formed by the reduction of cotarnine. It is a non-narcotic opium alkaloid. Hydrocotarnine is supposed to potentiate the analgesic effect of oxycodone with unknown mechanism.

Remoxipride is a substituted benzamide. It is a weak, but relatively selective, central dopamine D2-receptor antagonist and appears to have preferential affinity for extrastriatal dopamine D2-receptors. It also has marked affinity for central sigma receptors. It was introduced by Astra (Roxiam) at the end of the eighties and was prescribed as an atypical antipsychotic. Remoxipride was withdrawn from the market worldwide by Astra because of several cases of aplastic anaemia associated with the drug.

Improsulfan was investigated as effective agent against nitrogen mustard-resistant Yoshida sarcoma cells