Metrizoic acid is a diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt. The mechanism of action of metrizoic acid is as a X-Ray Contrast Activity.

Meprednisone, also known as NSC-63278 and Betapar, is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist.It has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity. It was approved since 1978, but its marketing in USA was discontinied since. Meprednisone is marketed in Argentina under trade name Copytren for treatment of rheumatic diseases, diseases of collagen, dermatological, gastrointestinal, respiratory and ophtalmological diseases.

PENTAPIPERIUM is a synthetic quaternary ammonium anticholinergic and the antisecretory agent used especially in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

BEPHENIUM HYDROXYNAPHTHOATE is an anthelmintic agent used in the treatment of hookworm and roundworm infections (Ancylostoma duodenale, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Necatore americanus). It targets the AChRs of nematodes producing spastic paralysis of the worms.

Chlorphenesin carbamate (Maolate, Musil) is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used to treat muscle pain and spasms. Сhlorphenesin acts in the central nervous system (CNS) rather than directly on skeletal muscle. It also has antifungal and some antibacterial properties. The major adverse effects are drowsiness and dizziness.

In cosmetics and personal care products, Benzoxiquine has been reported to be used in the formulation of hair tonics, dressings, and other hair grooming aids. Benzoxiquine is described as a biocide for use in cosmetic products. It is currently reported to be used in only one product. In a separate finding, the Food and Drug Administration determined that Benzoxiquine is not generally recognized as safe and effective in over-the-counter topical antifungal drug products. The only data available on the toxicity of Benzoxiquine indicates that it is mutagenic in the Ames test without metabolic activation. Because of the lack of data, the safety of Benzoxiquine could not be substantiated. The data needed to make a safety assessment include purity/impurities, ultraviolet absorption (if there is absorption, then photosensitization data will be needed), 28-day dermal toxicity, dermal teratogenicity, ocular irritation (if already available only), dermal irritation and sensitization, and two different genotoxicity studies (one using a mammalian system). If the latter data are positive, dermal carcinogenesis data using the methods of the National Toxicology Program will be needed. It cannot be concluded that Benzoxiquine is safe for use in cosmetic products until these safety data have been obtained and evaluated.

Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (trade names Bitrex) is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide. Scientists at Macfarlan Smith, Ltd. of Edinburgh, Scotland discovered Bitrex during research on derivatives of the anesthetic lidocaine. The extremely bitter taste proved effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals. Denatonium is commonly included in placebo medications used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain medications. Denatonium activates bitter taste receptor, mainly, TAS2R4, TAS2R8, TAS2R10, TAS2R13 on many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent pathways.

PIPAZETHATE is a non-narcotic oral antitussive agent. It acts centrally on the medullary cough center and is used for the treatment of cough.

Isoetharine is a beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, which was developed by Max Bockmuhl, Gustav Erhart and Leonhard Stein at the Hochst laboratories of I.G. Farbenindustrie in 1934. By binding to beta-2 adrenergic receptors on bronchial cell membranes, isoetharine increases the level of cAMP and thus stimulates the relaxation of smooth-muscle cells, stabilizes mast cells and inhibits histamine release. Isoetharine was approved by FDA for the symptomatic relief of bronchiospasms in patients with chronic bronchitis or emphysema (aerosol and solution for inhalation), however, later on the drug was discontinued.

Methyclothiazide, a diuretic-antihypertensive agent, is a member of the benzothiadiazine (thiazide) class of drugs. Methyclothiazide has a per mg natriuretic activity approximately 100 times that of the prototype thiazide, chlorothiazide. At maximal therapeutic dosages, all thiazides are approximately equal in their diuretic/natriuretic effects. Like other benzothiadiazines, methyclothiazide also has antihypertensive properties, and may be used for this purpose either alone or to enhance the antihypertensive action of other drugs. Methyclothiazide appears to block the active reabsorption of chloride and possibly sodium in the ascending loop of Henle, altering electrolyte transfer in the proximal tubule. This results in excretion of sodium, chloride, and water and, hence, diuresis. As a diuretic, methyclothiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl cotransporter, resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. Thiazides like methyclothiazide also inhibit sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium through binding to the thiazide sensitive sodium-chloride transporter. This results in an increase in potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. The antihypertensive mechanism of methyclothiazide is less well understood although it may be mediated through its action on carbonic anhydrases in the smooth muscle or through its action on the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channel, also found in the smooth muscle. Methyclothiazide is used in the management of hypertension either as the sole therapeutic agent or to enhance the effect of other antihypertensive drugs in the more severe forms of hypertension. Also used as adjunctive therapy in edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy.