Aminomethylpropanol is a synthetic ingredient that functions as a buffer to adjust the pH of cosmetics and personal care products. In cosmetics and personal care products, aminomethylpropanol is used in the formulation of creams and lotions, hair sprays, wave sets, hair dyes and colors, eye and facial products, and other hair and skin care products. The main function of aminomethylpropanol in these products is to establish and hold the pH. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) includes aminomethylpropanol on its list of indirect food additives as a component of adhesives that are in contact with food. The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) identifies that “substance causes serious eye irritation, is harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects and causes skin irritation, causes serious eye damage.” Toxicologically significant concentrations of AMP are unlikely to be achieved in the systemic circulation and/or target tissues in humans as a result of dermal application of products containing aminomethylpropanol. Systemically absorbed dose will be rapidly eliminated from the body with little remaining at the application site.

2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one hydrochloride is an isothiazolinone based biocide and preservative used in personal care products. 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is also used for controlling microbial growth in water-containing solution. It is used to study the effects of tyrosine phosphorylation on focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity in the development of neural axons and dendrites. 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one hydrochloride (Methylisothiazolinone hydrochloride) is a common preservative used in industrial products, owing to its strong biocide effect. Contact allergy to Methylisothiazolinone hydrochloride has been reported in different occupations, including mechanics, hairdressers and healthcare workers.

Beta-Hydroxyisovaleric acid (also known as 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid or 3HIA) is a normal human metabolite excreted in the urine. It is a byproduct of the leucine degradation pathway. Beta-Hydroxyisovaleric acid serves as a sensitive indicator of marginal biotin deficiency in humans. The variability of the proportion of leucine catabolites excreted as 3HIA suggests substantial population heterogeneity in the metabolic capacity of the 3HIA-carnitine detoxification pathway. In addition, was shown that in type II diabetic patients the catabolism of leucine was accelerated even in the absence of ketosis and that the urinary beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid concentration was a useful marker of short-term metabolic control in these patients.

Chidamide (CS055) is a novel and orally active benzamide class of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that selectively inhibits activity of HDAC1, 2, 3 and 10, the enzymes that are involved and play an important role in tumor initiation and development in both tumor cells and their surrounding micro-environment. It was approved by the CFDA in December 2014 for the treatment of recurrent of refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Reported hematological adverse events are: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia. Chidamide is under investigation as a potential agent for the treatment of other types of tumors.

Iophendylate (Pantopaque (in USA) or Myodil, formerly manufactures by Glaxo Laboratories (London,UK) was commonly used from the 1940s until the late 1980s for myelography, cisternography, and ventriculography; the use of oil-based contrast agents such as Myodil has been discontinued, and images of intradural oil-based contrast are rarely encountered at present. In 1942 Van Wagenen (a neurosurgical colleague of Warrens, at the University of Rochester) identified Iophendylate as causing chemical meningitis in 30 patients where "space-displacing masses within the spinal canal were suspected". Iophendylate has been shown to be both a radiographic and magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent in patients with suspected cord abnormalities who underwent MR examination following myelography. The iophendylate appears as a linear band of high signal intensity along the dependent portion of the spinal canal on MR images obtained with a repetition time of 500 msec and an echo time of 30 msec. Recently was published report, where depicted a unique case of posteriorly located subdural trapped Myodil, about three decades after myelography. The clinical picture of that case highlighted that such a complication didn’t carry the risk of arachnoiditis and could remain silent for several decades. Although Iophendylate is not used for evaluation of spinal disease anymore in the modern diagnostic era, its former use and its intrathecal persistence makes its recognition in MR imaging important. That case emphasized the necessity of awareness about these rare features which continue to present even decades after abandonment of oil-based myelography.