Dexamethasone is an anti-inflammatory agent that is FDA approved for the treatment of many conditions, including rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, croup, brain swelling and others. Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid agonist. Unbound dexamethasone crosses cell membranes and binds with high affinity to specific cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors. Adverse reactions are: Glaucoma with optic nerve damage, visual acuity and field defects; cataract formation; secondary ocular infection following suppression of host response; and perforation of the globe may occur; muscle weakness; osteoporosis and others. Aminoglutethimide may diminish adrenal suppression by corticosteroids. Macrolide antibiotics have been reported to cause a significant decrease in corticosteroid clearance.

Methylprednisolone is a prednisolone derivative with similar anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive action. It is adjunctive therapy for short-term administration in rheumatoid arthritis. It is indicated in the following conditions: endocrine disorders, rheumatic disorders, collagen diseases, allergic states etc. Methylprednisolone is marketed in the USA and Canada under the brand names Medrol and Solu-Medrol. Methylprednisolone is a GR receptor agonist.

Hydroxyzine, a piperazine antihistamine structurally related to buclizine, cyclizine, and meclizine, is used to treat histamine-mediated pruritus or pruritus due to allergy, nausea and vomiting, and, in combination with an opiate agonist, anxiolytic pain. Hydroxyzine is also used as a perioperative sedative and anxiolytic and to manage acute alcohol withdrawal. Hydroxyzine competes with histamine for binding at H1-receptor sites on the effector cell surface, resulting in suppression of histaminic edema, flare, and pruritus. The sedative properties of hydroxyzine occur at the subcortical level of the CNS. Secondary to its central anticholinergic actions, hydroxyzine may be effective as an antiemetic. It is used for symptomatic relief of anxiety and tension associated with psychoneurosis and as an adjunct in organic disease states in which anxiety is manifested.

Prednisolone hemisuccinate is a prodrug of a glucocorticoid agonist prednisolone, which is marketed under trade name Prednisolut in Germany and Austria. Prednisolone hemisuccinate is used in emergency medicine to treate shock due to allergic reaction, insect and snake bites, in neurology to treat brain edema and meningitis, in transplantation medicine to reduce risk of organ refection after kidney transplane, in pneumology to treat acute asthma attack, pulmonary edema, in severe or life-threatening situation in rheumatic diseases.

Hydralazine is a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. Hydralazine works by relaxing blood vessels (arterioles more than venules) and increasing the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart while reducing its workload. It also functions as an antioxidant. It inhibits membrane-bound enzymes that form reactive oxygen species, such as superoxides. Excessive superoxide counteracts NO-induced vasodilation. Hydralazine is used for the treatment of essential hypertension, alone or as an adjunct. Also for the management of severe hypertension when the drug cannot be given orally or when blood pressure must be lowered immediately, congestive heart failure (in combination with cardiac glycosides and diuretics and/or with isosorbide dinitrate), and hypertension secondary to pre-eclampsia/eclampsia.

Erythromycin cyclocarbonate (Davercin) is a first generation semi-synthetic erythromycin. It is active against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative microorganisms. Davercin shows comparable or better in vitro potency, low host toxicity and improved pharmacokinetics compared with erythromycin. It is approved for the treatment of acne, atypical pneumonia (caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila), whooping cough (treatment and prevention), urethritis (caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis), gastrointestinal infection caused by Campylobacter spp., short-term infections of the skin and soft tissues (e.g. acne, staphylococcal dermatitis). In streptococcal infections, diphtheria, gonorrhea, early syphilis in patients who are allergic to penicillin, and in the prevention of bacterial endocarditis before the planned dental procedures. Adverse effects are: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, skin allergic reactions.

Erythromycin cyclocarbonate (Davercin) is a first generation semi-synthetic erythromycin. It is active against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative microorganisms. Davercin shows comparable or better in vitro potency, low host toxicity and improved pharmacokinetics compared with erythromycin. It is approved for the treatment of acne, atypical pneumonia (caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila), whooping cough (treatment and prevention), urethritis (caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis), gastrointestinal infection caused by Campylobacter spp., short-term infections of the skin and soft tissues (e.g. acne, staphylococcal dermatitis). In streptococcal infections, diphtheria, gonorrhea, early syphilis in patients who are allergic to penicillin, and in the prevention of bacterial endocarditis before the planned dental procedures. Adverse effects are: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, skin allergic reactions.

Leucovorin is a compound similar to folic acid, which is a necessary vitamin. It has been around and in use for many decades. Leucovorin is a medication frequently used in combination with the chemotherapy drugs fluoruracil and methotrexate. Leucovorin is not a chemotherapy drug itself, however it is used in addition to these chemotherapy drugs to enhance anticancer effects (with fluorouracil) or to help prevent or lessen side effects (with methotrexate). Leucovorin is also used by itself to treat certain anemia problems when folic acid deficiency is present.

Erythromycin cyclocarbonate (Davercin) is a first generation semi-synthetic erythromycin. It is active against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative microorganisms. Davercin shows comparable or better in vitro potency, low host toxicity and improved pharmacokinetics compared with erythromycin. It is approved for the treatment of acne, atypical pneumonia (caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila), whooping cough (treatment and prevention), urethritis (caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis), gastrointestinal infection caused by Campylobacter spp., short-term infections of the skin and soft tissues (e.g. acne, staphylococcal dermatitis). In streptococcal infections, diphtheria, gonorrhea, early syphilis in patients who are allergic to penicillin, and in the prevention of bacterial endocarditis before the planned dental procedures. Adverse effects are: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, skin allergic reactions.

Hydrocortisone is the main glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions. Topical hydrocortisone is used for its anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive properties to treat inflammation due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Hydrocortisone binds to the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor. After binding the receptor the newly formed receptor-ligand complex translocates itself into the cell nucleus, where it binds to many glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of the target genes. The DNA bound receptor then interacts with basic transcription factors, causing the increase in expression of specific target genes. The anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Specifically glucocorticoids induce lipocortin-1 (annexin-1) synthesis, which then binds to cell membranes preventing the phospholipase A2 from coming into contact with its substrate arachidonic acid. This leads to diminished eicosanoid production. The cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2) expression is also suppressed, potentiating the effect. In other words, the two main products in inflammation Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes are inhibited by the action of Glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids also stimulate the lipocortin-1 escaping to the extracellular space, where it binds to the leukocyte membrane receptors and inhibits various inflammatory events: epithelial adhesion, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst and the release of various inflammatory mediators (lysosomal enzymes, cytokines, tissue plasminogen activator, chemokines etc.) from neutrophils, macrophages and mastocytes. Additionally the immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding. For the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Also used to treat endocrine (hormonal) disorders (adrenal insufficiency, Addisons disease). Hydrocortisone is also used to treat many immune and allergic disorders, such as arthritis, lupus, severe psoriasis, severe asthma, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease.