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Restrict the search for
tyrosine
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Status:
US Approved Rx
(2022)
Source:
ANDA209532
(2022)
Source URL:
First approved in 2003
Source:
IRESSA by ASTRAZENECA
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Gefitinib is an anilinoquinazoline with antineoplastic activity. Gefitinib inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase by binding to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding site of the enzyme. Thus the function of the EGFR tyrosine kinase in activating the Ras signal transduction cascade is inhibited; and malignant cells are inhibited. Gefitinib is the first selective inhibitor of the EGFR tyrosine kinase which is also referred to as Her1 or ErbB-1. EGFR is overexpressed in the cells of certain types of human carcinomas - for example in lung and breast cancers. Overexpression leads to inappropriate activation of the apoptotic Ras signal transduction cascade, eventually leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Gefitinib is used for the continued treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer after failure of either platinum-based or docetaxel chemotherapies.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2015)
Source:
ANDA078340
(2015)
Source URL:
First approved in 2001
Source:
GLEEVEC by NOVARTIS
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Imatinib (GLEEVEC®) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent that inhibits the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, the constitutive abnormal tyrosine kinase created by the Philadelphia chromosome abnormality in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). It inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in BCR-ABL positive cell lines as well as fresh leukemic cells from Philadelphia chromosome positive CML. Imatinib (GLEEVEC®) inhibits colony formation in assays using ex vivo peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from CML patients. It is also an inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinases for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and stem cell factor (SCF), c-kit, and inhibits PDGF- and SCF-mediated cellular events. In vitro, imatinib (GLEEVEC®) inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cells, which express an activating c-kit mutation.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1986)
Source:
NDA018961
(1986)
Source URL:
First approved in 1986
Source:
NDA018961
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Chromium sulfate(III) hexahydrate or chromium sulphate, a trivalent compound of chromium that was investigated as a toxic compound. Experiments on rodent have shown chromium sulfate produced severe and widespread effects in the nasal cavity, larynx, lungs, and mediastinal lymph node. Effects were characterized by the accumulation of foreign material, infiltration of alveolar macrophages, septal cell hyperplasia, and granulomatous and chronic inflammation. Besides, chromium sulphate exerted a disadvantageous effect on the skeleton, as it decreases bone density and resistance.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1979)
Source:
NDA017871
(1979)
Source URL:
First approved in 1979
Source:
NDA017871
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Metirosine is an antihypertensive drug. Metyrosine inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase, which catalyzes the first transformation in catecholamine biosynthesis, i.e., the conversion of tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). Because the first step is also the rate-limiting step, blockade of tyrosine hydroxylase activity results in decreased endogenous levels of catecholamines and their synthesis. This consequently, depletes the levels of the catecholamines dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline in the body,usually measured as decreased urinary excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites. One main end result of the catecholamine depletion is a decrease in blood presure. Metirosine is used for the treatment of patients with pheochromocytoma, for preoperative preparation of patients for surgery, management of patients when surgery is contraindicated, and chronic treatment of patients with malignant pheochromocytoma.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1993)
Source:
ANDA074260
(1993)
Source URL:
First approved in 1970
Source:
LARODOPA by ROCHE
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Levodopa (L-DOPA) was first isolated from seedlings of Vicia faba by Marcus Guggenheim in 1913. Levodopa, a dopamine precursor, is an effective and well-tolerated dopamine replacement agent used to treat Parkinson's disease. Oral levodopa has been widely used for over 40 years, often in combination with a dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor carbidopa, which reduces many treatment complications, extending its half-life and increasing levodopa availability to the brain. Entacapone, a catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor, can also be used to improve the bioavailability of levodopa, especially when used in conjunction with a carbidopa.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1985)
Source:
ANDA070075
(1985)
Source URL:
First approved in 1962
Source:
ALDOMET by MERCK
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Methyldopate hydrochloride [levo-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylalanine, ethyl ester hydrochloride] is the ethyl ester of methyldopa, supplied as the hydrochloride salt with a molecular weight of 275.73. Methyldopate hydrochloride is more soluble and stable in solution than methyldopa and is the preferred form for intravenous use. Methyldopate hydrochloride is an alpha adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2012)
Source:
ANDA200295
(2012)
Source URL:
First approved in 1956
Source:
NDA010379
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Liothyronine (CYTOMEL®) is a T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than its prohormone thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3. The mechanisms by which thyroid hormones exert their physiologic action are not well understood. These hormones enhance oxygen consumption by most tissues of the body, increase the basal metabolic rate and the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Thus, they exert a profound influence on every organ system in the body and are of particular importance in the development of the central nervous system. Thyroid hormone drugs are indicated: as the replacement or supplemental therapy in patients with hypothyroidism of any etiology; as pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppressants, in the treatment or prevention of various types of euthyroid goiters; as diagnostic agents in suppression tests to differentiate suspected mild hyperthyroidism or thyroid gland autonomy.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2016)
Source:
ANDA206163
(2016)
Source URL:
First approved in 1953
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Levothyroxine (T4) is a synthetically prepared levo isomer of thyroxine, the major hormone secreted from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form triiodothyronine (T3) which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism. Thyroid hormone increases the metabolic rate of cells of all tissues in the body. In the fetus and newborn, thyroid hormone is important for the growth and development of all tissues including bones and the brain. In adults, thyroid hormone helps to maintain brain function, food metabolism, and body temperature, among other effects. The symptoms of thyroid deficiency relieved by levothyroxine include slow speech, lack of energy, weight gain, hair loss, dry thick skin and unusual sensitivity to cold. Levothyroxine acts like the endogenous thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4, a tetra-iodinated tyrosine derivative). In the liver and kidney, T4 is converted to T3, the active metabolite. In order to increase solubility, the thyroid hormones attach to thyroid hormone binding proteins, thyroxin-binding globulin, and thyroxin-binding prealbumin (transthyretin). Transport and binding to thyroid hormone receptors in the cytoplasm and nucleus then takes place. Thus by acting as a replacement for natural thyroxine, symptoms of thyroxine deficiency are relieved. Levothyroxine is used for use alone or in combination with antithyroid agents to treat hypothyroidism, goiter, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, myxedema coma, and stupor.
Status:
Investigational
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Status:
Investigational
Source:
INN:irpagratinib [INN]
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
