Dehydroandrographolide (DP) from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees is a potential anticancer agent which can act, in part, through the inhibition of TMEM16A expression and may support TMEM16A as a novel target for antitumor therapy in TMEM16A-amplified cancers. It was shown that DP inhibits the invasion of human oral cancer cells and is a potential chemopreventive agent against oral cancer metastasis. It is also used for the treatment of infections in China. However, DP has not been found to significantly inhibit bacterial and viral growth directly. It was discovered that the DP enhanced innate immunity of intestinal tract through increased expression of human β -defensin-2 (hBD-2) through the p38 MAPK pathways. Dehydroandrographolide also possesses activity against hepatitis B virus

Sylvatesmin is a furofuran lignin isolated from Forsythia suspense, Osmanthus fragrans and other plants. It protected LDL from lipid peroxidation and demonstrated free radical scavenging activity. Molecular modeling showed that sylvatesmin exhibited the highest inhibition of aldose reductase. In nutritive hyperlipidemia mice fed with high-cholesterol in vivo, the serum levels of blood TG and LDL-C were remarkably down-regulated by sylvatesmin. In vitro, sylvatesmin exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity.

Valinomycin is an ionophore and acts by creating an influx of K+ ions in bacterial cells. It is an antibiotic substance with wide range of activity against different bacteria, fungies and virus-infected cells. Also it demonstrates insecticide and nematocide properties. Because of its toxicity to eukaryotic cells, valinomycin cannot be used in human therapy.