Ufiprazole (Omeprazole sulfide) is a metabolite of Omeprazole, which is a proton pump inhibitor. Omeprazole sulfide has been shown to be a direct-acting inhibitor of CYP2C19 in pooled human liver microsomes. Ufiprazole is also a weak BRS-3 agonist.

Ciclafrine is azaspiroalkane derivative patented by pharmaceutical company Goedecke A.-G. for the low blood pressure treatment

Benzobarbital (under the brand name Benzona), a barbiturate derivative developed in Russia that is used to treat convulsive forms of epilepsy, newborn hemolytic disease, and insomnia.

Pranidipine is the calcium channel blocker. Pranidipine did not affect the sensitivity of the contractile proteins to calcium. Pranidipine also did not alter cyclic GMP-induced relaxation in alpha-toxin-skinned vascular preparations. Pranidipine also prolonged glyceryl trinitrate-induced relaxation in the endothelium denuded rat aorta. Pranidipine enhances cyclic GMP-independent NO-induced relaxation of smooth muscle by a mechanism other than through NO-induced hyperpolarization. These effects were in direct contrast to amlodipine, another new 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonist. Pranidipine increased blood velocity and probably blood flow in the optic nerve head, choroid, and retina of rabbits. Pranidipine was not detrimental to global cardiac function in animals with dilated cardiomyopathy. Pranidipine enhances relaxation produced by endothelium-derived relaxing factor in carotid artery. Pranidipine was investigated as pharmacological agent for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.

Rioprostil is a methylprostaglandin E1 analog. Rioprostil inhibits gastric acid secretion and enhances the gastric mucus-bicarbonate barrier. In peptic ulcer cases, it facilitates the healing process and the elimination of pain. Rioprostil can also be used to prevent recurrence of duodenal ulcers. However, its development has been discontinued in 2000.

Avoralstat, a small molecule inhibitor of plasma kallikrein, participated in clinical trials phase III to prevent hereditary angioedema, but these studied were discontinued due to insufficient efficacy study. Recently published article has described that avoralstat could improve the quality of life in C1‐INH‐HAE patients. Hereditary angioedema (HAE) with C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1‐INH‐HAE) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of swelling of the skin, pharynx, gastrointestinal tract, genitals, and is due primarily to mutations in the SERPING1 gene that results in insufficient production of the natural plasma kallikrein inhibitor, C1 inhibitor (C1‐INH).

Bremazocine, a kappa-opioid agonist has limited potential as a clinical analgesic, however, possesses a possible utility for the therapy of alcohol and drug addiction. It was shown that bremazocine-like drugs could lower intraocular pressure and to minimize ischemic damage, that could be used in the therapy of glaucoma and cardiovascular disease.

Palytoxin is the most potent marine toxin known that was isolated from a zoanthid of the genus Palythoa and Cyanobacteria (Trichodesmium). Palytoxin is a potent vasoconstrictor that damages the ionic gradient of the cells, causing cell death. This toxin has a strong potential for toxicity in humans and animals that is why it causes great concern worldwide. It is crucial to remove this toxin and start an aggressive topical therapy as soon as possible.

Tilivapram is a heterocyclylbenzamide derivative patented by Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Ltd as phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor.