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Restrict the search for
penicillin v
to a specific field?
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Rokitamycin is a macrolide antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria. Synthesized from strains of Streptomyces kitasatoensis. Rokitamycin is an inhibitor of protein synthesis by specifically binding to the 50 S subunit of the ribosome. Specificity towards prokaryotes relies upon the absence of 50S ribosomes in eukaryotes.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Cefozopran hydrochloride is a third-generation cephalosporin that was launched for the treatment of severe infections in immunocompromised patients caused by staphylococci and enterococci. While it shows a very broad antibacterial spectrum against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, it is particularly potent against S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, P. aeruginosa, and Citrobacter freundii. It is resistant to hydrolysis by most chromosomal and plasmid mediated β-lactamases and is reported to be active against respiratory, urinary tract, obstetrical, gynecological, soft tissue, and surgical infections. Similar to β-lactams, cephalosporins interfere with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Resistance to cephalosporins is commonly due to cells containing plasmid encoded β-lactamases.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT02959957: Phase 4 Interventional Completed Urinary Tract Infections
(2016)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (EPIMERIC)
Targets:
Temocillin was marketed by Beecham Pharmaceuticals in the UK in the 1980s but achieved little commercial success and was withdrawn, though it remained available via the manufacturer’s medical department. Presently licensed to Eumedica, temocillin is being re-launched in the UK and Belgium for treating UTI, sepsis, and respiratory infections by ESBL (Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases) and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae. It acts by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. It irreversibly binds to the active site of specific transpeptidases and carboxypeptidases known as Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBP), preventing peptidoglycan production.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
CEPRAVIN
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Cefalonium is a 1st generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of actvity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterias. The drug inhibits the bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding proteins. Cefalonium is approved for routine dry cow therapy to treat existing sub-clinical infections and to prevent new infections which occur during the dry period.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Ruticina by Bernabo [Argentina]
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Metampicillin is the approved name for the penicillin resulting from
the reaction of ampicillin with formaldehyde. Metampicillin is hydrolysed in aqueous solution with the formation of ampicillin. Metampicillin has broad spectrum of activity coupled
with a marked degree of stability to bacterial penicillinase. Furthermore, metampicillin is reported to be absorbed to a greater extent than
ampicillin, resulting in superior blood levels in human subjects, and
also giving high levels of antibiotic in bile following parenteral administration. Metampicillin showed a spectrum and level of activity similar to that of ampicillin in vitro, and both compounds were inactive against penicillinase-producing strains of bacteria. The activity of metampicillin was markedly reduced by human
serum, and the compound was less active than ampicillin in the presence of human serum. Following the oral administration of metampicillin to man, metampicillin was not detected in the blood stream nor in urine, and ampicillin alone was demonstrated in these subjects. The serum concentrations of ampicillin that were produced following the oral administration of metampicillin were somewhat lower than those obtained with equivalent doses of ampicillin. Adminstration of metampicillin by the intramuscular (i.m.) route to volunteers resulted in the appearance
of both ampicillin and metampicillin in the blood, and of ampicillin alone in the urine of these subjects. When parenteraly administered, metampicillin appeared to be a particularly suitable penicillin for the treatment of biliary tract infections. Metampicillin is a cell wall biosynthesis inhibitor.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT04664803: Phase 4 Interventional Terminated Acute Sinusitis
(2015)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Cefetamet pivoxil is an oral third-generation cephalosporin which is hydrolysed to form the active agent, cefetamet. Cefetamet has excellent in vitro activity against the major respiratory pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis and group A beta-haemolytic streptococci; it is active against beta-lactamase-producing strains of H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis, but has poor activity against penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae. Cefetamet has marked activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and possesses a broad spectrum of activity against Enterobacteriaceae. Both staphylococci and Pseudomonas spp. are resistant to cefetamet. Cefetamet pivoxil has been investigated in the treatment of both upper and lower community-acquired respiratory tract infections and has demonstrated equivalent efficacy to a number of more established agents, namely cefaclor, amoxicillin and cefixime. In complicated urinary tract infections, cefetamet pivoxil showed similar efficacy to cefadroxil, cefaclor and cefuroxime axetil. Cefetamet pivoxil was effective in the treatment of otitis media, pneumonia, pharyngotonsillitis and urinary tract infections in children. Cefetamet is not extensively bound to plasma proteins. Cefetamet has a relatively small apparent volume of distribution consistent with that of other beta-lactam antibiotics. The absorption and disposition of cefetamet in human subpopulations [i.e. children, elderly (< 75 years of age), renal impairment, liver disease and patients taking concomitant drugs] have been studied extensively. Only impaired renal function appears to significantly alter the elimination of this drug. Cefetamet pivoxil exerts its bactericidal action by inhibition the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in the bacterial cell wall by binding to one or more of the Penicillin-binding Proteins (PBPs).
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT04260594: Phase 4 Interventional Completed 2019-nCoV
(2020)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Umifenovir or arbidol (ethyl-6-bromo-4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-[(phenylthio)methyl]-indole-3-carboxylate hydrochloride monohydrate) is a Russian-made potent broad-spectrum antiviral with demonstrated activity against a number of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.For both viral infections the anti-viral mechanism involves umifenovir inhibition of virus-mediated fusion with target membrane and a resulting block of virus entry into target cells. Arbidol was shown to have effects on nonspecific defense factors, on its capacity to induce interferon and activate phagocytes in particular. Arbidol-treated patients with lower baseline immunity showed improvement in immunological parameters (in the counts of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, in the levels of serum immunoglobulins). Arbidol produces a high preventive and therapeutical effects in influenza A and B and other acute respiratory viral infections, prevents postinfluenza complications, reduces the incidence of exacerbations of chronic diseases in postinfluenza patients. In influenza, the therapeutical efficiency of the drug appears as decreases in intoxication, the severity of catarrhal syndrome, shorter fever and disease in general. Arbidol is beneficial for patients with secondary immunodeficiency, in those with recurrent herpes infection or chronic bronchitis.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Cefteram is a semisynthetic cephalosporin formulated for oral administration as the prodrug ester, cefteram pivoxil. The mechanism of action of cefteram is inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cefteram exerts its bactericidal activity by strongly binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 3, 1A, and 1Bs. The drug is available in Japan and is used for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Refosporen
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Cefazedone is a semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin with activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cefazedone binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Unlike other cephalosporins cefazedone possesses good activity against gram-positive bacteria
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Muroctasin by Daiichi Pharmaceutical
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Romurtide (Muroctasin) is a non-specific immune stimulant derived from muramyl dipeptide, which is obtained from gram-positive bacterial cell walls. Muroctasin stimulates macrophages, which release interleukin-l, which in turn increases production of colony-stimulating factors; muroctasin also evokes an increased production of neutrophils. It is used in Japan for chemotherapy-induced leukopenia.
