Zingerone is one of the active phenolic components isolated from Zingiber officinale. Zingerone is primarily present in dry ginger, but cooking or drying also converts gingerol into zingerone by a retroaldol reaction. Chemically synthesized zingerone is vanillyl acetone, which is a member of the phenolic alkanone group, and its varied pharmacological properties include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Thus, zingeroneshowed strong anti-angiogenic activity via the inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 during tumor progression. Zingerone was likely to be broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory agents in most organs that suppressed the activation of NF-κB, the production of IL-1β, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in mice. Zingerone effectively inhibits 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in male Wistar rats. Zingerone possess radioprotective effects in laboratory animals and in cultured cells in vitro. Zingerone produced marked improvement in stress induced irritable bowel disorder, which could be attributed to the powerful antioxidant nature, direct effect on the intestinal smooth muscle and adaptogenic nature. Analysis of the qualities that constituted zingerone irritation found that the sensations produced are predominantly burning and warmth, making it qualitatively similar to capsaicin.

Ethyl oleate is a fatty acid ester used as a solvent for pharmaceutical drug preparations involving lipophilic substances such as steroids. In vivo studies have demonstrated that Ethyl oleate and other fatty acid esters are also rapidly hydrolyzed to ethanol and free fatty acid. Ethyl oleate is one of the fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) that is formed in the body after ingestion of ethanol. There is a growing body of research literature that implicates FAEEs such as ethyl oleate as the toxic mediators of ethanol in the body (pancreas, liver, heart, and brain). Among the speculations is that ethyl oleate may be the toxic mediator of alcohol in fetal alcohol syndrome. The oral ingestion of ethyl oleate has been carefully studied and due to rapid degradation in the digestive tract, it appears safe for oral ingestion. Ethyl oleate is not currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for any injectable use. However, it is used by compounding pharmacies as a vehicle for intramuscular drug delivery, in some cases to prepare the daily doses of progesterone in support of pregnancy. Studies which document the safe use of ethyl oleate in pregnancy for both the mother and the fetus have never been performed.

Butylene glycol, or 1, 3-Butanediol, is an organic compoud found in peppers (Capsicum annuum). It is used as a solvent for flavoring agents, as a viscosity-descreasing agent in cosmetics and skin care products and as a hypoglycaemic agent for diabetics.

Benzophenone is the organic compound. It is a flavouring agent evaluated as safe at current levels of intake by joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and approved by FDA as a food additive and as UV protector. Substituted benzophenones such as oxybenzone (benzophenone-3) and dioxybenzone are used in sunscreens in cosmetics and as a sunscreen ingredients in some topical drugs in combination with skin lighteners for gradual fading of dark (brownish) areas in the skin such as freckles, age and liver spots or treatment of melanosis. Benzophenone derivatives can be used as a photo initiators. Benzophenone used in practical synthesis of some drugs.

Sodium isobutoxide is an alkoxide of isobutanol. It is used in organic chemistry for the synthesis of isobutyl ethers.

Butyl stearate is an ester of stearic acid and butanol. It is used in the cosmetic industry as a plasticizer in nail varnishes, emollient and skin conditioning agent in personal care formulations, as a masking agent in fragrances. In the food industry, it is used as a flavoring agent and as a defoaming agent in processing beet sugar and yeast.