Suloctidil is considered to be calcium antagonist. In addition to its vascular antispasmodic activity, suloctidil affects blood platelets and enhances brain energy metabolism. Suloctidil was being evaluated in many clinical trials for use in dementia and thrombotic disorders. Suloctidil induces hepatotoxicity.

Zofenopril is an inhibitor of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE), which is approved in Europe for the treatment of hypertension and acute myocardial infarction.

Cilazapril (Vascace and Dynorm are brand names in a number of European countries) is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE; kininase II) inhibitor. It competes with angiotensin I for binding at the angiotensin-converting enzyme, blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Cilazapril is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat. The half-life (30–50 hours) of cilazapril allows for once daily dosing unless the hypertension is severe. Cilazapril is used for the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, post-myocardial infarction, and some other indications. Adverse events were mostly observed within the first 8-16 weeks of treatment, with headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, cough and chest pain being the most frequent.

Zabicipril is an ethyl ester prodrug that is converted in vivo to zabiciprilat. Zabicipril induced an early, potent, and long-lasting converting enzyme inhibition. Furthermore, zabicipril did not affect plasma catecholamines and atrial natriuretic factor. It is antihypertensive and peripheral vasodilator. In normal men, zabicipril increases the renal fraction of cardiac output in the absence of a concomitant change in systemic haemodynamics. This specific effect of zabicipril on the kidney may be less important with advancing age.

Xanthinol (xanthinol nicotinate) is a xanthine derivative, peripheral vasodilator agent. It exerts it`s pharmacological action by acting as a vasodilator and improves blood flow to brain, arteries, and to the periphery. It increases brain glucose metabolism and thus improves brain ATP levels. It stimulates memory and concentration elevates brain energy levels. Indications for Xanthinol Nicotinate: 1. Peripheral vascular sclerosis 2. Cerebral circulatory disorders 3. Arteriosclerosis 4. Endarteritis obliterans 5. Short term memory disorders 6. Mental flagging 7. Anti ageing memory support 8. Diabetic angiopathy 9. Diabetic gangrene 10. Hyperlipidaemia 11. Intermittent claudication Side Effects of Xanthinol Nicotinate: 1. Flushing 2. Feeling of warmth 3. Nausea 4. Heart burn 5. Vomiting 6. Itching of skin For 30 years, Xanthinol nicotinate has been on the market for the treatment of impaired brain function, i.e., organic brain syndromes of various etiologies. Controlled double-blind phase-III clinical trials have shown that xantinol nicotinate is also an effective drug in the treatment of dementia. Xanthinol nicotinate is also helpful in the management of leg ulcers associated with haemoglobinopathies. Xanthinol was approved as a drug in 1998 in Canada and nowadays its status is cancelled post marketing. The positively charged xanthinol ion is thought to help the transportation of the nicotinic acid into the cell since the later cannot freely diffuse through the cell membrane. The mechanism of action is thought to be related to present influence in the cell metabolism through the nucleotides NAD and NADP. Also, the nicotinic acid is a coenzyme for a lot of proteins involved in tissue respiration (Embden-Meyerhof and citrate cycle). The effect of xanthinol nicotinate causes an increase in glucose metabolism and energy gain.

Xamoterol (ICI 118,587) is a partial agonist of beta1-adrenoceptors. Xamoterol acts on the cardiac beta 1-adrenergic receptor, modifies the response of the heart to variations in sympathetic activity. At rest, it produces modest improvements in cardiac contractility, relaxation, and filling without increase in myocardial oxygen demand. The improvements are maintained during exercise although the attendant tachycardia is attenuated. The beneficial effects of xamoterol on both systolic and diastolic function suggested that it would be effective in patients with mild-to-moderate heart failure, and this was demonstrated in small placebo-controlled studies where effort tolerance and symptoms were improved. Xamoterol produced improvements in exercise capacity, clinical signs, symptoms and quality of life with a low incidence of adverse experiences. Xamoterol is effective as monotherapy in heart failure.

Dihydralazine is a compound with antihypertensive properties and is in clinical trials, where is studied its effect on kidney function and hormones in healthy individuals.

Zankiren (A-72517) is a peptidomimetic renin inhibitor with high potency and specificity. The drug was shown to reduce blood pressure in healthy volunteers after oral administration. In another clinical trial, zankiren exerted a renal vasodilator action. Despite positive results from initial clinical trials, further development of zankiren was discontinued.

Capobenic acid is an antiarrythmetic agent, vasodilator, antianginal used for the treatment of cardiac infarction.

Cetiedil is effective potassium channel blocker used as a peripheral vasodilator to treat patients with painful crises in sickle cell anemia and pain in the extremities caused by an arterial disease. Known pharmacological properties of the drug include vascular smooth muscle relaxation, inhibition of phosphodiesterase with the consequent increase in circulating cyclic AMP concentration, blockade of the effect of bradykinin and serotonin, analgesia, inhibition of platelet aggregation and the decrease of plasma and blood viscosity and plasma fibrinogen level. The antisickling effect of cetiedil is explained mainly in the light of the changes it induces in the activities of membrane-bound ATPases and the permeability properties of the erythrocyte membrane to cations and anions.