(-)-vesamicol is an active enantiomer of vesamicol (AH5183 or [(-)-trans-2-(4-phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol]). It inhibits the uptake of acetylcholine into cholinergic neuronal storage vesicles. Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) is inhibited by (-)-vesamicol, which binds tightly to an allosteric site.

AstraZeneca was developing the thiazole AR-AO-14418, a selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder. AR-AO-14418 is an important research tool in as much as, at concentrations that AR-AO-14418 is able to inhibit GSK3 activity, this compound did not affect the activity of other 26 protein kinases tested, and especially does not inhibit cdc2 and cdk5, two GSK3-related kinases that are inhibited by published GSK3 inhibitors. Furthermore, AR-AO-14418 constitutes a lead compound with therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD, as well as other neurodegenerative disorders. Later preclinical studies of AR-AO-14418 were discontinued.

8-Epiprostaglandin E1 (8-iso-PGE1) arises by isomerization of PGE1. This isoprostane found in human semen. 8-iso-PGE1 has very low biological activity relative to PGE1. Intravenous administration of 8-iso-PGE1 decreased systemic arterial pressure slightly and increased heart rate and myocardial contractile force slightly. The magnitude of the systemic hypotensive effect of 8-iso-PGEl was equivalent to approximately 1/125 to 1/250 of that of PGE1 in dogs. On the other hand, the pulmonary hypertensive action of 8-iso-PGE1 was 5 times greater than that of PGE1. 8-iso-PGE1 is an agonist of prostanoid TP receptor. It was proposed as a prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonist for use in the treatment of androgenic alopecia.

Cardiotonic agent. Glucodigitoxigenin (digitoxigenin-glucoside) is a constituent of the cardenolide complex. Glucodigitoxigenin (0.056 umol/kg) produced increases in myocardial contractility. Glucodigitoxigenin caused a significantly greater increase in blood pressure than digoxin.