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Restrict the search for
nonoxynol-9
to a specific field?
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2021)
Source:
ANDA212630
(2021)
Source URL:
First approved in 1954
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Chlorpromazine is a psychotropic agent indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. It also exerts sedative and antiemetic activity. Chlorpromazine has actions at all levels of the central nervous system-primarily at subcortical levels-as well as on multiple organ systems. Chlorpromazine has strong antiadrenergic and weaker peripheral anticholinergic activity; ganglionic blocking action is relatively slight. It also possesses slight antihistaminic and antiserotonin activity. Chlorpromazine acts as an antagonist (blocking agent) on different postsysnaptic receptors -on dopaminergic-receptors (subtypes D1, D2, D3 and D4 - different antipsychotic properties on productive and unproductive symptoms), on serotonergic-receptors (5-HT1 and 5-HT2, with anxiolytic, antidepressive and antiaggressive properties as well as an attenuation of extrapypramidal side-effects, but also leading to weight gain, fall in blood pressure, sedation and ejaculation difficulties), on histaminergic-receptors (H1-receptors, sedation, antiemesis, vertigo, fall in blood pressure and weight gain), alpha1/alpha2-receptors (antisympathomimetic properties, lowering of blood pressure, reflex tachycardia, vertigo, sedation, hypersalivation and incontinence as well as sexual dysfunction, but may also attenuate pseudoparkinsonism - controversial) and finally on muscarinic (cholinergic) M1/M2-receptors (causing anticholinergic symptoms like dry mouth, blurred vision, obstipation, difficulty/inability to urinate, sinus tachycardia, ECG-changes and loss of memory, but the anticholinergic action may attenuate extrapyramidal side-effects). Additionally, Chlorpromazine is a weak presynaptic inhibitor of Dopamine reuptake, which may lead to (mild) antidepressive and antiparkinsonian effects. Chlorpromazine has being marketed under the trade names Thorazine and Largactil among others. Chlorpromazine is used for treating certain mental or mood disorders (eg, schizophrenia), the manic phase of manic-depressive disorder, anxiety and restlessness before surgery, the blood disease porphyria, severe behavioral and conduct disorders in children, nausea and vomiting, and severe hiccups.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1975)
Source:
ANDA084300
(1975)
Source URL:
First approved in 1953
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (UNKNOWN)
Conditions:
Cyclopentolate (cyclopentolate hydrochloride) is a parasympatholytic anticholinergic used solely to obtain mydriasis or cycloplegia. This anticholinergic preparation blocks the responses of the sphincter muscle of the iris and the accommodative muscle of the ciliary body to cholinergic stimulation, producing pupillary dilation (mydriasis) and paralysis of accommodation (cycloplegia). It acts rapidly, but has a shorter duration than atropine. Maximal cycloplegia occurs within 25 to 75 minutes after instillation. Complete recovery of accommodation usually takes 6 to 24 hours. Complete recovery from mydriasis in some individuals may require several days. Heavily pigmented irides may require more doses than lightly pigmented irides.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2023)
Source:
ANDA216435
(2023)
Source URL:
First approved in 1953
Source:
CALCIUM DISODIUM VERSENATE by BAUSCH
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Edetic acid (EDTA) is a chelating agent. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved edetic acid chelation therapy as a treatment for lead and heavy metal poisoning. Edetic acid in form of disodium salt was withdrawn from the market due to death resulting from hypocalcemia during chelation.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2023)
Source:
ANDA216435
(2023)
Source URL:
First approved in 1953
Source:
CALCIUM DISODIUM VERSENATE by BAUSCH
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Edetic acid (EDTA) is a chelating agent. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved edetic acid chelation therapy as a treatment for lead and heavy metal poisoning. Edetic acid in form of disodium salt was withdrawn from the market due to death resulting from hypocalcemia during chelation.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2011)
Source:
ANDA040642
(2011)
Source URL:
First approved in 1953
Source:
PAMINE by FOUGERA PHARMS
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Methscopolamine bromide is an anticholinergic agent used along with other medications to treat peptic ulcers by reducing stomach acid secretion. Methscopolamine is also commonly used as a drying agent, to dry up post-nasal drip, in cold, irritable bowel syndrome and allergy medications. Methscopolamine binds to M1-M5 isoforms of muscarinic receptors.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2023)
Source:
ANDA216435
(2023)
Source URL:
First approved in 1953
Source:
CALCIUM DISODIUM VERSENATE by BAUSCH
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Edetic acid (EDTA) is a chelating agent. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved edetic acid chelation therapy as a treatment for lead and heavy metal poisoning. Edetic acid in form of disodium salt was withdrawn from the market due to death resulting from hypocalcemia during chelation.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2022)
Source:
ANDA216983
(2022)
Source URL:
First approved in 1953
Source:
NDA008578
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Pyrimethamine, sold under the trade name Daraprim, is one of the folic acid antagonists that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis. In addition it was approved in Chemoprophylaxis of Malaria. However, resistance to pyrimethamine is prevalent worldwide. It is not suitable as a prophylactic agent for travelers to most areas. Pyrimethamine is well absorbed with peak levels occurring between 2 to 6 hours following administration. It is eliminated slowly and has a plasma half-life of approximately 96 hours. Pyrimethamine is 87% bound to human plasma proteins. Pyrimethamine acts by selectively inhibiting malarial dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase and the rationale for its therapeutic action is based on the differential requirement between host and parasite for nucleic acid precursors involved in growth. This activity is highly selective against plasmodia and Toxoplasma gondii. Pyrimethamine possesses blood schizonticidal and some tissue schizonticidal activity against malaria parasites of humans. The action of pyrimethamine against Toxoplasma gondii is greatly enhanced when used in conjunction with sulfonamides.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2021)
Source:
ANDA213906
(2021)
Source URL:
First approved in 1953
Source:
LEVO-DROMORAN by VALEANT PHARM INTL
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Levorphanol, brand name Levo-Dromoran, is an opioid medication used to treat moderate to severe pain. Levorphanol is indicated for the management of moderate to severe pain where an opioid analgesic
is appropriate. It is a potent synthetic opioid mu-receptor agonist similar in action to morphine. Like other opioid
mu-receptor agonists, it is believed to act at receptors in both the brain and spinal cord to alter the transmission
and perception of pain. The onset and peak analgesic effects following administration of levorphanol are similar to
morphine when administered at equal analgesic doses. Levorphanol produces a degree of respiratory depression
similar to that produced by morphine at equal analgesic doses, and like many opioid mu-receptor agonists,
levorphanol produces euphoria or has a positive effect on mood in many individuals.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2020)
Source:
NDA211281
(2020)
Source URL:
First approved in 1953
Source:
ANDA040621
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Lactitol is a sugar alcohol. This ingredient has been determined to be GRAS for specified uses as a direct food additive and foods containing lactitol are eligible for a health claim related to dental caries. Lactitol is used as an oral powder or solution in the management of hepatic encephalopathy and in case of short-term treatment of occasional constipation. Intestinal flora of large intestine is metabolize lactitol to low-molecular organic acid, which leads to an increase in osmotic pressure in intestine, increase in volume of fecal masses bowel function normalization. This drug might cause abdominal discomfort, especially flatulence and abdominal pain rarely or sometimes abdominal distension. These effects tend to diminish or disappear after a few days of regular intake of the drug. Since 'antacids and neomycin can neutralize ' acidifying effect of lactitol on stool, they should not be co-administered with lactitol in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy; however both substances do not alter the 'laxative effect in patients with constipation.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2001)
Source:
NDA021265
(2001)
Source URL:
First approved in 1953
Source:
M.V.I.-12 ADULT by HOSPIRA
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is part of the vitamin B group. Riboflavin 5’-phosphate is the precursor of two coenzymes, flavin adenine dinucleotide and flavin mononucleotide, which catalyze oxidation/reduction reactions involved in a number of metabolic pathways. FAD and riboflavin phosphate in foods are hydrolyzed in the intestinal lumen by nucleotide diphosphatase and a variety of nonspecific phosphatases to yield free riboflavin, which is absorbed in the upper small intestines by a sodium-dependent saturable mechanism. Riboflavin has been used in several clinical and therapeutic situations. For over 30 years, riboflavin supplements have been used as part of the phototherapy treatment of neonatal jaundice. Corneal ectasia is a progressive thinning of the cornea; the most common form of this condition is keratoconus. Collagen cross-linking is a non-surgical treatment intended to slow progression of corneal ectasia by strengthening corneal tissue. The standard protocol calls for application directly to the eye of a 0.1% riboflavin solution for 30 minutes followed by 30 minutes of ultraviolet-A irradiation with a wavelength of 370 nm and power of 3 mW/cm2. Under the conditions used for corneal collagen cross-linking, riboflavin 5‘-phosphate functions as a photo enhancer and generates singlet oxygen which is responsible for the cross-linking.
