XG-102 (also known as brimapitide), a D-stereoisomer of a c-Jun-N-terminal kinase-1111 was developed in a biocompatible gel formulation for the treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss with a single-dose administration into the middle ear. It’s a cell-penetrating peptide which inhibits the JNK stress kinase. JNK is activated following various types of cochlear insults (stress) that cause acute inner ear hearing loss and plays a key role in apoptosis of sensory cells as well as in inflammatory responses. By blocking JNK, AM-111 protects stress-injured cochlear cells and helps to prevent or reduce chronic hearing loss. Auris Medical's otoprotective drug AM-111 has been granted orphan drug status by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of acute sensorineural hearing loss (ASNHL), a condition which may occur following various inner ear injuries. In addition, XG-102 was studied in phase III clinical trials in the treatment of acute inner ear hearing loss and in the reduction of post-cataract surgery intraocular inflammation. Besides, XG-102 is advancing through pre-clinical development with programs in ocular inflammation, urology, nephrology and Alzheimer’s disease.