Cefetrizole is aminocephalosporanic acid derivative with broad antibacterial activity against penicillin-resistant strains patented by Spanish pharmaceutical company Ferrer Internacional S. A.

Cefazaflur (INN) is a semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic patented by Smithkline Corp. For treatment of bacterial infections.

Adamantyl is adamantly derivative patented by pharmaceutical company Scherico Ltd. as spasmolytic for treatment spasms associated with Parkinson's disease.

Camobucol is a novel, orally active, phenolic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound with antirheumatic properties. Camobucol exhibited potent antioxidant activity toward lipid peroxides in vitro and displayed enhanced cellular uptake relative to a structurally related drug, probucol. This resulted in potent inhibition of cellular levels of reactive oxygen species in multiple cell types. Camobucol selectively inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-inducible levels of the redox-sensitive genes, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, with less inhibition of E-selectin, and no effect on intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in endothelial cells. In addition, Camobucol inhibited cytokine-induced levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 from endothelial cells and human fibroblast-like synoviocytes as well as lipopolysaccharide-induced release of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Camobucol did not inhibit TNF-alpha-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of the kappa-enhancer in B cells (NF-kappaB), suggesting that the mechanism of action is independent of this redox-sensitive transcription factor.

Mitoflaxone, also known as flavone acetic acid is a synthetic flavonoid that has been studied as an antitumor agent. Mitoflaxone was involved in phase II clinical trials in Europe for patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma and for patients with advanced malignant melanoma. Despite the promising preclinical activity, this drug didn’t demonstrate any clinical activity. Further studies of the drug were suspended.

Ethyl cartrizoate has been used in diagnostics as a bronchographic agent.

Naronapride (ATI-7505), an orally administered, cisapride analogue and serotonin4 (5HT4) receptor agonist, is being developed by Renexxion for the treatment of multiple gastrointestinal disorders. Sinovant is initially developing naronapride for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome – constipation (IBS-C), a disease that affects millions of Chinese patients and for which few effective treatment options are available. Naronapride has been evaluated in over 900 subjects in multiple randomized controlled clinical studies and has demonstrated promising results in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), erosive esophagitis (EE), and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). Naronapride’s low systemic absorption and high specificity for 5HT4 and D2 receptors is thought to improve its safety and tolerability profile relative to other members of the class.

Pobilukast is the Leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist. Pobilukast significantly attenuated the Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin-induced thrombocytopenia but had no effect on either the endotoxin-induced early leukopenia or late leukocytosis. Additionally, Pobilukast significantly reduced the endotoxin-induced hemoconcentration and improved survival to 30% at 48 hr. Pobilukast dose-dependently inhibited the immediate hemodynamic changes after leukotriene D4 (LTD4) injections. Pobilukast also attenuated the increase in vascular permeability and the prolonged decrease in CO, suggesting that the observed cardiac and vascular effects of LTs were mediated by stimulation of LT receptors. A shift toward the right of the dose-response curves to histamine with pobilukast compared to that with placebo in three subjects was demonstrated, whereas the active compound did not exhibit any protective effect against histamine in the remaining nine subjects. It was concluded that there is a leukotriene component to the bronchial responses to histamine in some, but not all, subjects. Pobilukast had been in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of asthma. However, this development was discontinued.

EC-18 (now known as mosedipimod), a synthetic copy of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) that was developed by Enzychem Lifescience for oral administration for the treatment of immune and inflammatory related diseases, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and sepsis. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Orphan Drug Designation to EC-18 for the treatment of Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) and for the for the neutropenia treatment. Besides, the EC-18 is participating in phase II clinical trials to investigate the efficacy and safety of the agent for chemoradiation-induced oral mucositis and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. This drug has a multimodal mechanism of action. It stimulates calcium influx into T lymphocytes and increases the production of various cytokines. In addition, EC-18 enhances the cytolytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells and suppresses the expression of the transmembrane protein tumor cell toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) on cancer cells, thus suppresses tumor cell proliferation.