3-Phenylpropionic acid (hydrocinnamic acid, HA) is an end-product of the bacterial degradation of unabsorbed phenylalanine in the intestinal lumen. HA is used in ice cream, drinks, and candy manufacture field as a flavoring agent. In recent years, HA is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. Hydrocinnamic Acid inhibits the currents of WT and SQT3 syndrome-related mutants of Kir2.1 channel.

2,6-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDC, Dipicolinic acid) is a major component of bacterial endospores, comprising 5-15% of the spore dry weight, and is important for spore stability and resistance properties. 2,6-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid and its derivatives are introduced as a new sensitizer system for enzyme-amplified lanthanide luminescence (EALL), a detection scheme for bioassays, which combines enzymatic amplification with time-resolved luminescence measurements of lanthanide chelates.

4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone (also known as triacetic acid lactone) is a precursor of paragloboside contributing to insect and disease resistance of plant Gerbera hybrida and was recently demonstrated to be a potential platform chemical. 4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone is an isolated from the fungus, Hypoxylon investing, in 2014 which has not been extensively investigated for pharmacological activity. 4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone is a useful metabolite for analytical and bioassay dereplication of crude microbial extracts.