Benzocaine is a local anesthetic. It acts by blocking voltage-gated sodium ion channels in nerve endings. Benzocaine is available over-the counter for local anesthesia of oral and pharyngeal mucous membranes (sore throat, cold sores, mouth ulcers, toothache, sore gums, denture irritation), otic pain, and as a local anesthetic for surgical or diagnostic procedures. As a spray, benzocaine is used for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with minor burns, sunburn, minor cuts or scrapes, insect bites, or minor skin irritations. Topical application of benzocaine to gums or mouth may cause rare, but serious and potentially fatal adverse effect methemoglobinemia.

Methyl salicylate (or methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate), also known as wintergreen oil, is a natural product and is present in white wine, tea, porcini mushroom Boletus edulis, Bourbon vanilla, clary sage, red sage and fruits including cherry, apple, raspberry, papaya and plum. Methyl salicylate is topically used in combination with methanol and under brand name SALONPAS to temporarily relieves mild to moderate aches and pains of muscles and joints associated with: strains, sprains, simple backache, arthritis, bruises. The precise mechanism of action of methyl salicylate is not known, but there is suggested, that it cause dilation of the capillaries thereby increasing blood flow to the area.

Dalvastatin is a synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor developed by Rhône-Poulenc Rorer. Dalvastatin is a prodrug and is itself an inactive lactone. After oral ingestion, the drug is hydrolyzed in vivo to the corresponding beta-hydroxy acid, which is the pharmacologically active form. HMG-CoA reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. An active form of dalvastatin inhibits HMG-CoA reductase with IC50 of 3.4 nM. In ex vivo assay, orally administered dalvastatin inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis in rat liver slices with an ED50 value of 0.9. The efficacy of dalvastatin to lower cholesterol was investigated in the clinical trials in the 1990s, but no results were reported.

Rivenprost (ONO-4819) is a potent and selective EP4 receptor agonist. This compound can increase bone formation by stimulating osteoblast differentiation and function, possibly by modulating mesenchymal cell differentiation. Rivenprost has also been studied for its potential to prevent bone loss (in osteoporosis) and stabilize bone implants. Combined with risedronate, rivenprost may be an effective treatment for osteoporosis. A phase II study evaluating rivenprost in ulcerative colitis was terminated in 2009.

Arhalofenate is a uricosuric drug which lowers serum urate by blocking its reabsorption by the proximal tubules of the kidney. Arhalofenate activity is mediated by inhibition of URAT1, OAT4 and OAT10. Additionally, arhalofenate has been suggested to exert potent anti-inflammatory activity. Arhalofenate has completed Phase 2 and is ready to advance to Phase 3 as a novel potential treatment for gout. The drug was also tested in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (phase III study), where it demonstrated its ability to lower glucose level, acting as a selective, partial PPAR-gamma agonist. However, the development of arhalofenate as an anti-diabetic drug was terminated.