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Restrict the search for
mycophenolic acid
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Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
SPARTASE POTASSIUM ASPARTATE by WYETH
(1961)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Disodium aspartate is used in organic biosynthesis.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Physostigmine Salicylate U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Physostigmine Salicylate U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Physostigmine (Phy) is one of the oldest drug isolated from Calabar beans and successfully used for the treatment of glaucoma in 1864. Since then, it has been widely employed for various therapeutic purposes. Recently, it has gained prominence because of its clinical trials in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Physostigmine was used to treat glaucoma. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. Phy is also considered to be a potent prophylactic antidote for organophosphate poisoning. It is a reversible cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor and has a short duration of action. For the last 50 years, numerous authors have shown that pretreatment with Phy would rapidly improve the incapacitating effects of organophosphate intoxication in various animal species. Phy carbamylates to a portion of ChE enzyme and thus protects the enzyme from binding with organophosphate, which are irreversible ChE inhibitors. The carbamylated ChE enzyme decarbamylates to free the enzyme for normal functioning. The rates of decarbamylation of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in plasma and ChE in brain and muscle are different and are related to the half-life of Phy in these tissues. In addition to ChE inhibition, Phy has a direct action on acetylcholine (ACh) receptor ionophore complex by interacting with the ACh-gated cation channels. A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
1,2-ethanedisulfonic acid
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Sodium 1,2-ethanedisulfonate dihydrate is salt of ethanedisulfonic acid. Ethanedisulfonic acid is used in pharmaceutical formulations of some antipsychotic compounds to form salts with the active ingredients, known as edisylates.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Homatropine Hydrobromide U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Homatropine Hydrobromide U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (EPIMERIC)
Conditions:
Homatropine (used in a form of bromide or methylbromide salts) is an analogue of atropine, which acts as an antagonist of muscarinic receptors. Homatropine was approved for the treatment of cough in combination with hydrocodone bitartrate.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Stearic Acid U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Stearic Acid is a typical example of a fatty acid, which are essentially long hydrocarbon chains containing a carboxyl group at one end and a methyl group at the other. The chain lengths can vary from 3 (propionic acid) to 24 (lignoceric acid) but the majority of fatty acids found in hydrogenated vegetable or animal oils are around C16-C20 in length. Stearic acid is a saturated acid, since there are no double bonds between neighbouring carbon atoms. Stearic acid is found in various animal and plant fats, and is a major component of cocoa butter and shea butter. Stearic acid is a very common amino acid is used in the manufacturing of more than 3,200 skin and hair care products sold in the United States. On product labels, it is sometimes listed under other names, including Century 1240, cetylacetic acid, Emersol 120, Emersol 132, Emersol 150, Formula 300 and Glycon DP. Stearic Acid is mainly used in the production of detergents, soaps, and cosmetics such as shampoos and shaving cream products. Stearic acid is used along with castor oil for preparing softeners in textile sizing. Being inexpensively available and chemically benign, stearic acid finds many niche applications It is used in the manufacture of candles, and as a hardener in candies when mixed with simple sugar and corn syrup. It is also used to produce dietary supplements. In fireworks, stearic acid is often used to coat metal powders such as aluminum and iron. This prevents oxidation, allowing compositions to be stored for a longer period of time.
Stearic acid is a common lubricant during injection molding and pressing of ceramic powders. It is also used as a mold release for foam latex that is baked in stone molds. Stearic acid is known antidiabetic and antioxidant agent.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Formic Acid N.F.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid. In nature, formic acid is found in the stings and bites of many insects of the order Hymenoptera, including bees and ants. The principal use of formic acid is as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. When sprayed on fresh hay or other silage, it arrests certain decay processes and causes the feed to retain its nutritive value longer. In medicine 85% formic acid application is a safe, economical, and effective alternative in the treatment of common warts with few side-effects and good compliance.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Hyoscyamine Hydrobromide U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Hyoscyamine Hydrobromide U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Hyoscyamine as a natural plant alkaloid derivative and anticholinergic. Hyoscyamine is used to treat a variety of stomach/intestinal problems such as cramps and irritable bowel syndrome. It is also used to treat other conditions such as bladder and bowel control problems, cramping pain caused by kidney stones and gallstones, and Parkinson's disease. In addition, it is used to decrease side effects of certain medications (drugs used to treat myasthenia gravis) and insecticides. Hyoscyamine inhibits specifically the actions of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves and on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. These peripheral cholinergic receptors are present in the autonomic effector cells of the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, and the exocrine glands. At therapeutic doses, it is completely devoid of any action on autonomic ganglia. Side effects include dry mouth and throat, increased appetite leading to weight gain, eye pain, blurred vision, restlessness, dizziness, arrhythmia, flushing, and faintness. Additive adverse effects resulting from cholinergic blockade may occur when hyoscyamine is administered concomitantly with other antimuscarinics, amantadine, haloperidol, phenothiazines, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants or some antihistamines.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
THEOMINAL RS THEOBROMINE by WINTHROP
(1961)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Theobromine Sodio-Salicylate U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Theobromine is the primary alkaloid present in the cocoa and chocolate. Theobromine is found in the shells and beans of the cacao plant and it is extracted from the husks of the bean and used for the synthesis of caffeine. Theobromine is an adenosine A1 and A2a receptor antagonist. Thesodate is used as a vasodilator, a diuretic, and heart stimulant. And similar to caffeine, it may be useful in management of fatigue and orthostatic hypotension. The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by theobromine are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include anxiety, restlessness, tremors, sleeplessness, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite. Theobromine is currently not in use as a medicinal drug.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Hyoscyamine Hydrobromide U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Hyoscyamine Hydrobromide U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Hyoscyamine as a natural plant alkaloid derivative and anticholinergic. Hyoscyamine is used to treat a variety of stomach/intestinal problems such as cramps and irritable bowel syndrome. It is also used to treat other conditions such as bladder and bowel control problems, cramping pain caused by kidney stones and gallstones, and Parkinson's disease. In addition, it is used to decrease side effects of certain medications (drugs used to treat myasthenia gravis) and insecticides. Hyoscyamine inhibits specifically the actions of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves and on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. These peripheral cholinergic receptors are present in the autonomic effector cells of the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, and the exocrine glands. At therapeutic doses, it is completely devoid of any action on autonomic ganglia. Side effects include dry mouth and throat, increased appetite leading to weight gain, eye pain, blurred vision, restlessness, dizziness, arrhythmia, flushing, and faintness. Additive adverse effects resulting from cholinergic blockade may occur when hyoscyamine is administered concomitantly with other antimuscarinics, amantadine, haloperidol, phenothiazines, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants or some antihistamines.
