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Restrict the search for
nalidixic acid
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Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Paredrinol by Smith Kline & French
(1938)
Source URL:
First approved in 1938
Source:
Paredrinol by Smith Kline & French
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Pholedrine is a hydroxymethylamphetamine. It is a sympathimimetric drug of low toxicity, which is of great value in conditions of hypotonia, collapse, and circulatory depression. Pholedrine was reported on in 1937 by several investigators, who described its vasopressor action in animals as more potent than that of ephedrine. The drug is grouped with hydroxyamphetamine because of its similarity in structure and hemodynamic pattern. Pholedrine, in small doses, potentiates epinephrine, but in large doses blocks its pressor effect. Pholedrine applied as eye-drops produces mydriasis that is greatly attenuated by guanethidine pretreatment and diminished in patients with postganglionic sympathetic nerve lesions. It might be used to diagnose Horner's syndrome.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Diodrast by Winthrop
(1937)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1937
Source:
Diodrast by Winthrop
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Iodopyracet (Diodone) is a radiocontrast agent used in urography before 1950. Renal clearance of iodopyracet is characterized by supply-limited elimination at low plasma concentrations and capacity-limited elimination at high plasma levels. Iodopyracet to be an effective agent for the estimation of renal plasma flow and tubular function has been used extensively in physiological studies. In 1945 was found, that p-aminohippuric acid was in some ways superior to diodone for these estimations in man because the urine and plasma blanks are small and because diodone penetrates human red blood cells whereas p-aminohippuric acid does not.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
PREDSEM CALCIUM PANTOTHENATE by S. E. Massengill Co.
(1961)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1937
Source:
Calcium pentothate
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Pantothenic acid (known as Vitamin B5) is a water-soluble member of the B-vitamin family that is converted into 4’-phosphopantetheine, which is then converted to co-enzyme A (CoA) via adenosine triphosphate. Pantothenic acid regulates epidermal barrier function and keratinocytes differentiation via CoA metabolism. Pantothenic acid is incorporated into co-enzyme A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of glutathione. A recent feasibility study has also shown that daily oral supplementation of a nutritional agent containing pantothenic acid for 8 weeks was feasible and safe. It was discovered the different pharmacological implementation of pantothenic acid, such as treatment of acne, obesity. Existed some reports, mentioned efficacy using pantothenic acid in systemic lupus erythematosus. Significant reduction in morning stiffness, degree of disability, and severity of pain was reported for persons taking pantothenic acid in case of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Vitamin B5 may increase the effects of a group of drugs called cholinesterase inhibitors, which are used to treat Alzheimer's disease. That might lead to severe side effects.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Transentine by Ciba
(1937)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1937
Source:
Transentine by Ciba
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Adiphenine is a ternary amino ligand. It is used as a local anesthetic that reduces the frequency of acetylcholine-induced single-channel currents. It was originally introduced as a spasmolytic agent. Adiphenine reduced the muscle tone of the gastrointestinal tract, bile duct and gallbladder, bronchi, bladder. It affects the tone of the muscles of the eye, causing the pupil dilated (mydriasis), increased intraocular pressure, and paralysis of accommodation. Influences on the cardiovascular system, causing tachycardia and improving AV-conduction. Adiphenine side effects are: nausea, vomiting, heartburn, dizziness, headache. Adiphenine has not been widely used clinically.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Merphenyl Borate by Hamilton
(1937)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1937
Source:
Merphenyl Borate by Hamilton
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Phenylmercuric borate is classified as antimicrobial preservative. It is bactericidal against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative species. Fungicidal activity has been demonstrated against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Phenylmercuric borate (PHB) is very rapidly incorporated into the cells of Escherichia coli. On the membrane, an important part of PHB seems to be associated with the ribosomes and particularly to the ribosomal proteins. Phenylmercuric borate solution is indicated for the treatment of tonsillitis, otitis, vulvovaginitis, furuncles, anthrax and ulcers, pyoderma, impetus, gingivitis and stomatitis. The regular hand disinfection with a liquid soap containing phenylmercuric borate enhanced urinary excretion of mercury indicating an increase in total daily absorption of the toxic metal. The additional amounts of mercury absorbed through the use of mercury contained in skin disinfectants are potentially dangerous for human.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
PREDSEM CALCIUM PANTOTHENATE by S. E. Massengill Co.
(1961)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1937
Source:
Calcium pentothate
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Pantothenic acid (known as Vitamin B5) is a water-soluble member of the B-vitamin family that is converted into 4’-phosphopantetheine, which is then converted to co-enzyme A (CoA) via adenosine triphosphate. Pantothenic acid regulates epidermal barrier function and keratinocytes differentiation via CoA metabolism. Pantothenic acid is incorporated into co-enzyme A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of glutathione. A recent feasibility study has also shown that daily oral supplementation of a nutritional agent containing pantothenic acid for 8 weeks was feasible and safe. It was discovered the different pharmacological implementation of pantothenic acid, such as treatment of acne, obesity. Existed some reports, mentioned efficacy using pantothenic acid in systemic lupus erythematosus. Significant reduction in morning stiffness, degree of disability, and severity of pain was reported for persons taking pantothenic acid in case of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Vitamin B5 may increase the effects of a group of drugs called cholinesterase inhibitors, which are used to treat Alzheimer's disease. That might lead to severe side effects.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
TRIKETOL DEHYDROCHOLIC ACID by ENDO
(1961)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1935
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Sodium dehydrocholate is a hydrocholeretic and is used to study biliary excretion.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
NEOMERSYL MERSALYL by CENTRAL PHARCA
(1961)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1935
Source:
Salyrgan by Winthrop
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
Conditions:
MERSALYL (Mersal) is an organomercury compound, mercurial diuretics that superseded by safer diuretics such as thiazides, and is hardly used anymore. Due to the idiosyncratic nature of mercury toxicity, the risk of severe disease and sudden death are unpredictable and frequently show no warning signs. Mercurial diuretics cause diuresis by reducing the reabsorption sodium in the ascending loop of Henle, thus causing more water being delivered to the distal convoluted tubule. Unfortunately, earlier physicians misconstrued hallmark symptoms of mercury poisoning such as excessive salivation as signs of mercury's efficacy, including up until the early 1960s when the use of mercurial diuretics was halted in medicine.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
PENTOTHAL by ABBOTT
(1959)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1934
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
Sodium thiopental (also known as Sodium Pentothal, thiopental) was discovered in 1930s by investigators working for Abbott Laboratories. Thiopental sodium was used for the induction of general anesthesia and is used as an adjunct to provide hypnosis during balanced anesthesia with other anesthetic agents, including analgesics and muscle relaxants. Thiopental sodium was also used as an adjunct for control of convulsive disorders of various etiology, including those caused by local anesthetics. Finally, thiopental sodium had been used to reduce the intracranial pressure in patients with increased intracranial pressure, if controlled ventilation is provided. Nevertheless, these prescriptions of drug were discontinued. In addition, this drug was banned for use in US executions. Thiopental sodium acts through the CNS with particular activity in the mesencephalic reticular activating system. It was shown, that mechanism of action of sodium thiopental via GABAA receptor. Thiopental binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl- ionopore at the GABAA receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl- ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First marketed in 1933
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
Hexobarbital or hexobarbitone, (sold both in acid and sodium salt, brand name Evipan, and Tobinal), is a barbiturate derivative having hypnotic and sedative effects. It was used in the 1940s and 1950s as an agent for inducing anesthesia for surgery, as well as a rapid-acting, short-lasting hypnotic for general use, and has a relatively fast onset of effects and short duration of action. It was also used to murder women prisoners at Ravensbruck Concentration Camp. Modern barbiturates (such as Thiopental) has largely supplanted the use of hexobarbital as an anesthetic, as they allow for better control of the depth of anesthesia. Hexobarbital is still used in some scientific research. Hexobarbital binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl- ionophore at the GABA-A receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl- ionophore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged.
![Structure of Formic acid, compd. with 4-[2-(methylamino)propyl]phenol (1:1)](/img/c0aac65c-436c-4690-81ce-098e2a7e3380.svg?size=200&context=grjafrbyyc)
