Human secretin is a gastrointestinal peptide hormone that regulates secretions in the stomach, pancreas, and liver. Synthetic human secretin displays equivalent biological activity and properties as naturally occurring secretin. Acetate salt of synthetic secretin was marketed under the name ChiRhoStim. ChiRhoStim is indicated for the stimulation of pancreatic secretions, including bicarbonate, to aid in the diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine dysfunction, for the gastrin secretion to aid in the diagnosis of gastrinoma. ChiRhoStim is also used for the pancreatic secretions to facilitate the identification of the ampulla of Vater and accessory papilla during endoscopic, retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). When secretin binds to secretin receptors on pancreatic duct cells it opens cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channels, leading to secretion of bicarbonate-rich-pancreatic fluid.

Cosyntropin (ACTH (1–24)) is a synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone. It is intended for use as a diagnostic agent in the screening of patients presumed to have adrenocortical insufficiency. Cosyntropin may bind to sites located on the adrenergic nerve endings associated with the cardiac tissue, and such binding would interfere with the neuronal reuptake of the catecholamines

Benzylpenicilloyl Polylysine is a skin-testing reagent which used to detect immunoglobulin E antibodies in people with a history of penicillin allergy. The quantitation of in vitro IgE antibodies to the benzylpenicilloyl determinant is a useful tool for evaluating allergic subjects. A penicillin skin test predicts only the presence of IgE antibodies for the major or minor penicillin determinants at the time of application and does not predict the future development of IgE-mediated reactions during subsequent courses of penicillin. Benzylpenicilloyl polylysine reacts specifically with penicilloyl skin sensitizing antibodies (reagins) to produce immediate wheal and flare reactions which may reflect increased risk of allergic reactions to subsequent penicillin therapy. The use of benzylpenicilloyl polylysine can detect between 75-90% of all positive reactions to penicillin. Benzylpenicilloyl polylysine was FDA approved in 2009 for the assessment of sensitization to penicillin (benzylpenicillin or penicillin G) in those patients suspected of having a clinical hypersensitivity to penicillin.

Icodextrin is a colloid osmotic agent, derived from maltodextrin, used in form of an aqueous solution for peritoneal dialysis under the trade name Extraneal and after gynecological laparoscopic surgery for the reduction of post-surgical adhesions (fibrous bands that form between tissues and organs) under the trade name Adept. Icodextrin is a starch-derived, water-soluble glucose polymer linked by alpha (1-4) and less than 10% alpha (1-6) glucosidic bonds. Icodextrin. Icodextrin acts in the peritoneal cavity by exerting osmotic pressure across small intercellular pores resulting in transcapillary ultrafiltration throughout the dwell. Like other peritoneal dialysis solutions, Extraneal also contains electrolytes to help normalize electrolyte balance and lactate to help normalize acid-base status. Absorption of icodextrin from the peritoneal cavity follows zero-order kinetics consistent with convective transport via peritoneal lymphatic pathways. Icodextrin is metabolized by alpha-amylase into oligosaccharides with a lower degree of polymerization, including maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, and higher molecular weight species