TIANEPTINE, a tricyclic antidepressant, is a drug used for the treatment of the major depressive disorder. It was discovered by The French Society of Medical Research in the 1980s. Unlike other tricyclic antidepressants, TIANEPTINE is a selective serotonin reuptake enhancer with minimal effects on norepinephrine and dopamine uptake. Also, it is a full agonist at the mu-opioid and delta-opioid receptors with no effect at the kappa-opioid receptors. Selective mu-opioid agonists typically induce euphoria, which may contribute to TIANEPTINE's antidepressant effect. It is marketed as Coaxil/Stablon in many European countries, but it is not available in the US.

TIANEPTINE, a tricyclic antidepressant, is a drug used for the treatment of the major depressive disorder. It was discovered by The French Society of Medical Research in the 1980s. Unlike other tricyclic antidepressants, TIANEPTINE is a selective serotonin reuptake enhancer with minimal effects on norepinephrine and dopamine uptake. Also, it is a full agonist at the mu-opioid and delta-opioid receptors with no effect at the kappa-opioid receptors. Selective mu-opioid agonists typically induce euphoria, which may contribute to TIANEPTINE's antidepressant effect. It is marketed as Coaxil/Stablon in many European countries, but it is not available in the US.

TIANEPTINE, a tricyclic antidepressant, is a drug used for the treatment of the major depressive disorder. It was discovered by The French Society of Medical Research in the 1980s. Unlike other tricyclic antidepressants, TIANEPTINE is a selective serotonin reuptake enhancer with minimal effects on norepinephrine and dopamine uptake. Also, it is a full agonist at the mu-opioid and delta-opioid receptors with no effect at the kappa-opioid receptors. Selective mu-opioid agonists typically induce euphoria, which may contribute to TIANEPTINE's antidepressant effect. It is marketed as Coaxil/Stablon in many European countries, but it is not available in the US.

TIANEPTINE, a tricyclic antidepressant, is a drug used for the treatment of the major depressive disorder. It was discovered by The French Society of Medical Research in the 1980s. Unlike other tricyclic antidepressants, TIANEPTINE is a selective serotonin reuptake enhancer with minimal effects on norepinephrine and dopamine uptake. Also, it is a full agonist at the mu-opioid and delta-opioid receptors with no effect at the kappa-opioid receptors. Selective mu-opioid agonists typically induce euphoria, which may contribute to TIANEPTINE's antidepressant effect. It is marketed as Coaxil/Stablon in many European countries, but it is not available in the US.

Cilnidipine (FRC-8653) is a dihydropyridine (DHP) type of calcium channel antagonist. The L-type Ca2+ channel blockade by cilnidipine affects predominantly vascular smooth muscle, thereby producing vasodilation of peripheral resistance vessels and coronary arteries. The blockade of N-type Ca2+ channels affects predominantly peripheral nerve endings of sympathetic neurons, thereby dilating blood vessels by lowering plasma catecholamine levels. Furthermore, renoprotective and neuroprotective effects as well as cardioprotective action of cilnidipine have been demonstrated in clinical practice or animal examinations. Cilnidipine was originated by Fuji & Rebio Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and developed jointly with Ajinomoto for the treatment of hypertension. Cilnidipine has been launched in Japan.

Zafuleptine is an antidepressant drug developed in the 1970s by Science Union & Cie. The compound was reported to have anti-aggressive activity without having other effects on the central nervous system. The mode of action of the compound is similar to that found with the Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone.

Zafuleptine is an antidepressant drug developed in the 1970s by Science Union & Cie. The compound was reported to have anti-aggressive activity without having other effects on the central nervous system. The mode of action of the compound is similar to that found with the Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone.

Proxibarbal is a non-sedative barbiturate with a specific anti-serotonin and anti-histamine effect, due to enzyme induction of serotoninase and histaminase. Its lack of unpleasant side-effects. Proxibarbal exists in ring-chain tautomeric equilibrium with the two diastereomers of valofan. Proxibarbal is metabolized to a five-membered lactone. Its only barbituric property is its ability to induce enzymes that destroy a surplus of neurohormones and rid people of their neurovegetative sufferings, including migraine and other types of vascular headache. Side effects are: dizziness, drowsiness, dyspepsia, allergic reactions. Proxibarbal enhances the effects of other depriving agents, including alcohol.

Stibogluconic acid (Sodium stibogluconate) is the pentavalent antimonial compound used to treat leishmaniasis and is only available for administration by injection. Sodium stibogluconate is sold in the UK as Pentostam (manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline). Sodium stibogluconate was granted orphan drug designation for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis by the US FDA in January 2007. It is available in the United States only through the Centers for Disease Control. Sodium stibogluconate is indicated for the treatment of various types of a protozoal infection called leishmaniasis, which may result from sandfly bites in tropical and temperate parts of the world. It is also investigated for use/treatment in cancer. The mode of action of sodium stibogluconate is not clearly understood. In vitro exposure of amastigotes to 500 mg pentavalent antimony/ml results in a greater than 50% decrease in parasite DNA, RNA protein and purine nucleoside triphosphate levels. It has been postulated that the reduction in ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and GTP (guanosine triphosphate) synthesis contributes to decreased macromolecular synthesis. Sodium stibogluconate was shown to specifically inhibit type I DNA topoisomerase from Leishmania donovani through the inhibition of the unwinding and cleavage of the supercoiled plasmid pBR322, and to stabilize topoisomerase and DNA covalent complexes but not calf-thymus topoisomerase I and Escherichia coli DNA gyrase. Sodium stibogluconate is also a potent inhibitor of PTPases Src homology PTPase1 (SHP-1), SHP-2, and PTP1B but not the dual-specificity phosphatase mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1. Sodium stibogluconate combined with IFN-alpha-2b (IFN-α) inhibited solid tumor cell line growth in vitro, in vivo it was well tolerated and augmented cellular immune parameters.

Magnesium glutamate hydrobromide (Psychoverlan) is a known sedative and muscle relaxant. In a long-term study 19 young females were treated with Psychoverlan capsules or syrup for an average of 11.4 months. Intolerance phenomena and side-effects were not seen. It was even decided to increase the standard dose. None of the patients developed brominism or bromine intoxication. The general state of health of 13 of the 19 subjects was improved by the harmonizing effect of the drug on psychic and vegetative functions. Tiredness and somnolence were not observed.