Brovincamine also known as brovincamine fumarate (BV, Sabromin) was used in Japan mainly as an improver of cerebral circulation and metabolism, and also as an inhibitor of the aggregation of platelets through the cyclic AMP pathway in patients with normal tension glaucoma. Brovincamine exerts its action via calcium channels blockade. The current drug status is unknown.

Butoctamide (Butoctamide hydrogen succinate, BAHS), which is related to an organic compound naturally occurring in CSF, has been demonstrated to increase REM sleep in cats and young adults. BAHS was confirmed also to increase REM sleep in healthy aged subjects. The drug is marketed under the brand named Listomin S in Japan. It is effective against insomnia and other sleep disorders.

Benproperine (Cofrel) is a cough suppressant. It is used for symptomatic relief of cough. Cofrel is 2-4 times as potent as codeine in suppressing cough in animals. It acts peripherally by blocking afferent sensory nerve impulses originating from receptors in the lungs and pleura.

Methylarsonic acid, monosodium salt is an organoarsenic compound formed from the methylation of inorganic arsenic by living organisms. Methylarsonate is used as a contact herbicide in either the monosodium or disodium salt form. It goes by the trade names Weed-E-Rad, Ansar 170 H.C., Ansar 529 H.C., DiTac and others. Methylarsonate is considered only slightly toxic, having an oral LD50 of 2200 mg/Kg for rats. The inhalation risk is greater with LD50 Rats >20 mg. Long term studies with people exposed to organoarsenicals has shown an increased risk of skin cancer (Spiewak, 2001), lung cancer and some liver cancers, although some recent studies have shown some arsenic containing compounds (specifically Arsine trioxide) may have anticarcinogenic properties (Wang, 2001). In mammals, Methylarsonate is also an intermediate in the detoxification of inorganic arsenic. In the arsenate detoxification I pathway, arsenite reacts with S-adenosyl-L-methionine to produce methylarsonate and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. Arsenite methyltransferase catalyzes this reaction. Methylarsonate then reacts with 2 glutathione molecules to produce glutathione disulfide and methylarsonite. This reaction is catalyzed by methylarsonate reductase. Methylarsonate is an organic arsenic compound with adverse effects similar to those of arsenic trioxide. Methylarsonate was formerly included in some vitamin and mineral preparations. It was once used to treat tuberculosis, chorea, and other affections in which the cacodylates were used.

Dicethiamine hydrochloride (DCET) is a vitamin B(1) derivative that has excellent absorbability and transformability in tissues. It is an analogue of thiamine, improved performance in an animal model of complex fatigue.

Cefatrizine is a broad-spectrum, semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefatrizine binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Cefatrizine is used to treat a large variety of bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract, ear, skin and urinary tract infections. Cefatrizine is less effective against gram positive bacteria than first generation drugs. Antibiotics require constant drug level in body for therapeutic effect.

Flucloxacillin is an isoxazolyl penicillin of the β-lactam group of antibiotics, which exerts a bactericidal effect upon many Gram-positive organisms including β-lactamase-producing staphylococci and streptococci. While no longer used in the United States, Flucloxacillin is supplied under a variety of trade names in other countries, including Floxapen, Flopen, Staphylex. Floxapen is indicated for the treatment of infections due to sensitive Gram-positive organisms, including β-lactamase-producing staphylococci and streptococci. Typical indications including, skin and soft tissue infections; respiratory tract infections; other infections caused by floxapen-sensitive organisms, like example, osteomyelitis, urinary tract infection, septicaemia, endocarditis. Floxapen is also indicated for use as a prophylactic agent during major surgical procedures when appropriate; for example cardiothoracic and orthopaedic surgery. Flucloxacillin, by its action on the synthesis of the bacterial wall, exerts a bactericidal effect on streptococci except those of group D (Enterococcus faecalis) staphylococci. It is not active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. There is evidence that the risk of flucloxacillin induced liver injury is increased in subjects carrying the HLA-B*5701 allele. Despite this strong association, only 1 in 500-1000 carriers will develop liver injury. Consequently, the positive predictive value of testing the HLA-B*5701 allele for liver injury is very low (0.12%) and routine screening for this allele is not recommended. Flucloxacillin diffuses well into most tissue. Specifically, active concentrations of flucloxacillin have been recovered in bones: 11.6 mg/L (compact bone) and 15.6 mg/L (spongy bone), with a mean serum level of 8.9 mg/L. Flucloxacillin diffuses in only small proportion into the cerebrospinal fluid of subjects whose meninges are not inflamed. It is also excreted in small quantities in mother's milk. In normal subjects approximately 10% of the flucloxacillin administered is metabolised to penicilloic acid. The elimination half-life of flucloxacillin is in the order of 53 minutes.

Flomoxef is a cephamycin antibiotic with a difluoromethylthio-acetamido group at the 7-beta position of the cephem nucleus, commonly used for postoperative prophylaxis. Flomoxef has activity against epidermides, streptococci, propionibacteria, and both methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Flomoxef exhibits a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against G(+), G(-) and even anaerobes such as Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides sp., and it can be used singly to treat infection caused by aerobes and anaerobes (Mixed infection) effectively. Flomoxef belongs to the cephamycin, so it is very stable against β-lactamase as well as Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), a novel resistance induced by Enterobacteriaceae. There is no Oxyimino group in the structure of Flomoxef, so it won’t derive ESBL and it is also effective for the treatment to ESBL infection. No disulfiram-like reaction and less incidence of vitamin K deficiency than that of Latamoxef. Marketed in Japan as FLUMARIN.

Fenproporex is a central and indirect-acting sympathomimetic. It was developed as an anorectic drug. Their anorectic effects are believed to be a result of adrenergic activation. Fenproporex has never been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for sale in the US due to lack of efficacy and safety data. There is a paucity of randomized, placebo-controlled trials on Fenproporex. These studies suggest that Fenproporex is modestly effective in promoting weight loss. Data from these studies are insufficient to determine the risk-benefit profile of Fenproporex. Abuse potential and amphetamine-like adverse effects are causes for concern. Adverse effect most frequently reported are: insomnia, anxiety, depression, irritability, dry mouth.

Cinepazide or cinepazide maleate (Kelinao or Anjieli in China) is a vasodilator used in China for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and peripheral vascular diseases. As a calcium channel blocker, cinepazide can stop calcium from entering vascular smooth muscle cells and relax smooth muscles of cerebral vessels, coronary arteries and peripheral vessels so as to relieve vasospasm, reduce vascular resistance, improve flexibility of red blood cells, increase blood circulation in cerebral vessels and improve microcirculation and brain metabolism. Cinepazide could also increase the number of cAMP by inhibiting cAMP phosphodiesterase and reduce oxygen consumption. In April 2002, cinepazide of Beijing Hwellso Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd was approved to enter the market with two dosage forms of oral formulation and injection under the trade name of Kelinao. Currently, Kelinao is the only domestic brand for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. And in 2009, cinepazide was included in the national medicare drug list. Cinepazide maleate, after wide application, has gained the recognition of Chinese doctors and patients for the treatment of cerebral arteriosclerosis, transient ischemic attack, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, cerebral hemorrhage sequel and post-traumatic brain syndrome. Besides, due to its efficacy in cardiovascular diseases and peripheral vascular diseases, cinepazide maleate has become a leading product in cerebrovascular drug market.