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Showing 21 - 28 of 28 results

Tenivastatin (well known as simvastatin acid or simvastatin hydroxy acid) is a pharmacologically active metabolite, which is formed in the mammalian organism from lactone prodrug, simvastatin. Tenivastatin is a potent reversible inhibitor of HMGCR (HMG-CoA reductase), reduces cholesterol synthesis and increases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell membranes of liver and extrahepatic tissues. It is also a substrate of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1/Oatp2), an influx transporter expressed on the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes. Recent studies have shown that OATP1B1 plays a clinically important role in the hepatic elimination of several drugs including statins, via mediating the hepatic uptake. In addition, was discovered, that the tenivastatin was a substrate of another transporter protein, human organic anion transporting polypeptide 3A1 (OATP3A1), which is predominately expressed in the heart. Presence of OATP3A1 in cardiomyocytes suggested that transporter could modulate the exposure of cardiac tissue to simvastatin acid due to its enrichment in cardiomyocytes. Increases in the uptake of simvastatin acid by OATP3A1 when combined with OATP substrates suggest the potential for drug-drug interactions that could influence clinical outcomes.
Tenivastatin (well known as simvastatin acid or simvastatin hydroxy acid) is a pharmacologically active metabolite, which is formed in the mammalian organism from lactone prodrug, simvastatin. Tenivastatin is a potent reversible inhibitor of HMGCR (HMG-CoA reductase), reduces cholesterol synthesis and increases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell membranes of liver and extrahepatic tissues. It is also a substrate of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1/Oatp2), an influx transporter expressed on the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes. Recent studies have shown that OATP1B1 plays a clinically important role in the hepatic elimination of several drugs including statins, via mediating the hepatic uptake. In addition, was discovered, that the tenivastatin was a substrate of another transporter protein, human organic anion transporting polypeptide 3A1 (OATP3A1), which is predominately expressed in the heart. Presence of OATP3A1 in cardiomyocytes suggested that transporter could modulate the exposure of cardiac tissue to simvastatin acid due to its enrichment in cardiomyocytes. Increases in the uptake of simvastatin acid by OATP3A1 when combined with OATP substrates suggest the potential for drug-drug interactions that could influence clinical outcomes.
Tenivastatin (well known as simvastatin acid or simvastatin hydroxy acid) is a pharmacologically active metabolite, which is formed in the mammalian organism from lactone prodrug, simvastatin. Tenivastatin is a potent reversible inhibitor of HMGCR (HMG-CoA reductase), reduces cholesterol synthesis and increases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell membranes of liver and extrahepatic tissues. It is also a substrate of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1/Oatp2), an influx transporter expressed on the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes. Recent studies have shown that OATP1B1 plays a clinically important role in the hepatic elimination of several drugs including statins, via mediating the hepatic uptake. In addition, was discovered, that the tenivastatin was a substrate of another transporter protein, human organic anion transporting polypeptide 3A1 (OATP3A1), which is predominately expressed in the heart. Presence of OATP3A1 in cardiomyocytes suggested that transporter could modulate the exposure of cardiac tissue to simvastatin acid due to its enrichment in cardiomyocytes. Increases in the uptake of simvastatin acid by OATP3A1 when combined with OATP substrates suggest the potential for drug-drug interactions that could influence clinical outcomes.
Tenivastatin (well known as simvastatin acid or simvastatin hydroxy acid) is a pharmacologically active metabolite, which is formed in the mammalian organism from lactone prodrug, simvastatin. Tenivastatin is a potent reversible inhibitor of HMGCR (HMG-CoA reductase), reduces cholesterol synthesis and increases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell membranes of liver and extrahepatic tissues. It is also a substrate of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1/Oatp2), an influx transporter expressed on the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes. Recent studies have shown that OATP1B1 plays a clinically important role in the hepatic elimination of several drugs including statins, via mediating the hepatic uptake. In addition, was discovered, that the tenivastatin was a substrate of another transporter protein, human organic anion transporting polypeptide 3A1 (OATP3A1), which is predominately expressed in the heart. Presence of OATP3A1 in cardiomyocytes suggested that transporter could modulate the exposure of cardiac tissue to simvastatin acid due to its enrichment in cardiomyocytes. Increases in the uptake of simvastatin acid by OATP3A1 when combined with OATP substrates suggest the potential for drug-drug interactions that could influence clinical outcomes.
Ramipril (sold under the brand name Altace ) is a prodrug belonging to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. It is metabolized to ramiprilat in the liver and, to a lesser extent, kidneys. Ramiprilat is a potent, competitive inhibitor of ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Ramipril is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure; also used to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes; in addition, this drug is used to reduce the rate of death, myocardial infarction and stroke in individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events.
Lovastatin acid is an active metabolite of hypolipidemic drug Lovastatin. Lovastatin acid inhibits HMG-CoA reductase. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, which is an early and rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Lovastatin has been shown to reduce both normal and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Lovastatin in approved for prevention of cardiovascular events and hypercholesterolemia. Off-label use of lovastatin includes treatmetn of diabetic dyslipidemia, familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, or nephrotic hyperlipidemia. Lovastatin was tested in clinical trials agains radioation injury during therapy of prostate cancer.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 343.13(b) internal analgesic:rheumatologic aspirin (buffered)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1899
Source:
Aspirin by Friedr. Bayer & Co., Elberfeld, Germany
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)



Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Aspirin is unique in this class of drugs because it irreversibly inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 activity by acetylating a serine residue (Ser529 and Ser516, respectively) positioned in the arachidonic acid-binding channel, thus inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and reducing the inflammatory response. The drug is used either alone or in combination with other compounds for the treatment of pain, headache, as well as for reducing the risk of stroke and heart attacks in patients with brain ischemia and cardiovascular diseases.