Mitemcinal (GM-611), an erythromycin-derived prokinetic agent, was developed by Chuga as an agonist of the motilin receptor. Mitemcinal acts by a novel mechanism whereby it stimulates and promotes peristalsis in the stomach and other segments of the gastrointestinal tract. This drug was studied as a potential treatment for gastric motility disorder, as well as reflux esophagitis, non-ulcer dyspepsia, and diabetic gastroparesis. Mitemcinal was involved in phase II clinical trials in Patients with diabetic gastroparesis. Although gastroparetic symptoms improved with both mitemcinal and placebo, the prominent placebo effect was not statistically exceeded by mitemcinal. That is why the development of this drug has stalled. In addition, mitemcinal has been studied in phase II for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, but this study was also discontinued.

KETIPRAMINE, an imipramine derivative, is a tricyclic antidepressant. In clinical trials, it was found to be as effective as imipramine for the depression treatment, with fewer secondary effects.

Mixidine is negative chronotropic agent patented by McNeil Laboratories. Mixidine produced a dose-related decrease in heart rate elevated reflexly by aminophylline, by beta-adrenergic stimulation induced by isoproterenol, by sympathetic nerve stimulation and by intravenous infusion of glucagon. Mixidineattenuated the increase in contractile force produced by sympathetic nerve stimulation but not that induced by isoproterenol. The compound antagonized the increase in the rate of isolated guinea-pig atria induced by both isoproterenol and histamine. In the conscious dog, Mixidine caused no decrease in resting heart rate, mean arterial pressure and cardiac output. It reduced atropine-induced sinus tachycardia as well as that induced by treadmill exercise.

PF-232798 is a potent oral CCR5 antagonist with a primary and selectivity/safety pharmacology profile similar to maraviroc (MVC). PF-232798 shows increased binding affinity and improved oral absorption compared to maraviroc. In addition, it retains activity against a laboratory generated maraviroc-resistant HIV-1 strain, indicating an alternative drug resistance profile. PF-232798 binds to the same pocket as MVC within the transmembrane region of CCR5, but shows additional interactions at the ECL2 hinge region. PF-232798 is well tolerated in normal volunteers. PF-232798 had been in a phase-II clinical trial for the treatment of HIV infections. However, this development was discontinued.

Talsaclidine (WAL-2014) is a selective full agonist of M1 muscarinic receptor, having partial agonist activity on the M2 and M3 subtypes (with no in vivo consequences). The general receptor profile of talsaclidine demonstrates a nearly specific interaction with muscarinic receptors, having only weak binding affinity for alpha1- and nicotinic receptors. The drug is being tested in phase III of clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Celivarone is a benzofuran derivative with a multifactorial mode of action including class IV Vaughan Williams’ electrophysiological as well as anti-adrenergic properties. It has no iodine and has a limited tissue accumulation compared with amiodarone. Celivarone exhibits effective anti-arrhythmic properties in several ventricular ischemia- or reperfusioninduced arrhythmia models as well as in in vitro and in vivo atrial fibrillation (AF) models. Its electrophysiological properties are similar to amiodarone (multifactorial mode of action) but with different relative effects on the ion channels. At the ventricular level, celivarone shows anti-arrhythmic activities by suppressing reperfusion-induced arrhythmias (i.v. and oral routes) and reducing the early mortality due to myocardial infarction (oral route) in rats models. At the atrial level, celivarone is effective in atrial fibrillation models with restoration of sinus rhythm or prevention of AF induction and AF recurrence.

Ipazilide is an antiarrhythmic agent that prolongs ventricular refractoriness and possesses antiectopic activity. In clinical trials ipazilide administrations leads to dose- and time-dependent in decrease cardiac index and arterial pressure. Left ventricular filling pressure, right atrial pressure, and heart rate were not altered by ipazilide. Plasma concentrations of ipazilide peaked 90 minutes after administration of 100 or 200 of the drug, but peak concentrations were noted 3 hours after administration of 400 mg. The hemodynamic response correlated with the plasma concentration of ipazilide determined contemporaneously.

Clovoxamine is an antidepressant and anxiolytic drug, acting as a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. The drug was investigated in the double-blind clinical trials for the treatment of anxiety neurosis, where it was compared with diazepam, and found to have comparable efficacy but higher drop out rate.