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Restrict the search for
quinidine
to a specific field?
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Epiquinine is a stereoisomer of quinine, antimalarial alkoloid from the bark of a cinchona tree. Quinine was over 100 times more active than epiquinine against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum and over 10 times more active against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum. Intra-erythrocytically active anti-malarial quinine acts by binding to haematin, blocking beta-haematin formation (while the anti-malarially inactive epiquinine had no effect on the reaction, however as quinine epiquinine was reported to bind ferriprotoporphyrin IX) and leaving toxic haematin in the parasite food vacuoles. Distinguishing features of the weakly active epiquinine include a higher dipole moment, a different direction of the electric field, a greater intrinsic nucleophilicity, lower acidity of the hydroxyl proton, a lesser electron affinity of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, and a higher proton affinity than the active cinchona alkaloids. Epiquinine has little inhibitory effect toward peroxidative destruction of haem.
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Epiquinidine is an alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. The most abundant constituents of the Cinchona barks are
two pairs of erythro diastereoisomers: quinineand quinidine, which are active antimalarials. Their threo epimers, epiquinine and epiquinidine, are practically inactive. Compared to quinine and quinidine, the 9-epimers had significantly reduced hemozoin inhibition efficiency and did not affect pH-dependent aggregation of ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FPIX) heme. Magnetic susceptibility measurements showed that the 9-epimers perturb FPIX monomer-dimer equilibrium in favor of monomer, and UV-visible (VIS) titrations showed that Epiquinine and Epiquinidine bind monomer with similar affinity relative to quinine and quinidine. However, unique ring proton shifts in the presence of zinc(II) protoporphyrin IX (ZnPIX) indicate that binding of the 9-epimers to monomeric heme is via a distinct geometry.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Hydroquinine (Inhibin®) has been approved for marketing in the Netherlands for the treatment of nocturnal cramps when treatment with drugs is considered necessary. It is available in the Netherlands since March 1990 as an over-the-counter drug with a dose of 200 mg with the evening meal and a further 100 mg at bedtime for 14 days. Hydroquinine also has antimalarial and demelanizing activity. It might be used to lightens light brown color patches on skin, age spots, skin discolorations associated with pregnancy, skin trauma or taking birth control pills. Hydroquinine is used in skin lightening creams and lotions because it is an effective bleaching agent, slowing the production of the tyrosinase enzyme and reducing the amount of melanin formed.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Cinchonidine is an alkaloid found in Cinchona officinalis and Gongronema latifolium. Cinchonidine is an antimalarial drug which has been used clinically in malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Cinchonidine is reported as an ingredient of Quinimax in a number of countries. Quinimax is a combination of four alkaloids (quinine, quinidine, cinchoine and cinchonidine).
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Octaplasma by Octapharma Pharmazeutika Produktionsges M B H [Canada]
Source URL:
First approved in 2013
Source:
BLA125416
Source URL:
Class:
MIXTURE
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT02696837: Not Applicable Interventional Completed Inguinal Hernia
(2016)
Source URL:
Class:
PROTEIN
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT03534063: Not Applicable Interventional Completed Pain, Postoperative
(2018)
Source URL:
Class:
PROTEIN
