Cetyl oleate is a cosmetic emollient ester

Doconexent (Docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is a primary structural component of the human brain, cerebral cortex, skin, and retina. DHA is widely used as a food supplement, and is beleived to support healthy brain development in young childred, prevent cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline during Alzheimer's disease. Most of these claims, however, were not supported by clinical trials. DHA spray is used as a tanner.

Sodium myristate is the sodium salt of myristic acid. It is used in the food as the binder, emulsifier and anticaking agent. It is one of the commonly occurring soaps. It is used in cosmetic as a cleansing and emulsifying agent.

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid, the principal constituent of refined palm oil, present in the diet and synthesized endogenously. Palmitic acid is able to activate the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR40. Palmitic acid was also a weak ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Palmitic acid is a ligand of lipid chaperones - the fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). Dietary palm oil and palmitic acid may play a role in the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.

Capric acid (decanoic acid) is a medium-chain fatty acid found in saturated fats (cow butter, and plant oils like coconut oil). Capric acid is a major constituent of the MCT ketogenic diet, providing about 40% of the medium chain fat within the diet. The acid is discussed to have positive effect on seizure control through direct AMPA receptor inhibition and on mitochondrial diseases through the binding to PPARgamma. It readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, probably by a combination of diffusion and saturable carrier-mediated transport via a medium-chain fatty acid transporter.

Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) is an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid that is mainly metabolized to an anti-inflammatory eicosanoid, prostaglandin (PG) E1, via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. DGLA exists widely in the human body and daily animal-source foods. Concentrations of DGLA in the serum of atopic dermatitis patients are lower than those in healthy volunteers. DGLA suppressed clinical severity of skin lesions dose-dependently, with an increase in DGLA contents in phospholipids of skin, spleen, and plasma. Discontinuation of DGLA administration resulted in the onset of dermatitis and a decrease in DGLA contents in skin, spleen, and plasma. These findings indicate that oral administration of DGLA effectively prevents the development of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. DGLA may have an anti-atherosclerotic effect in apoE-deficient mice via PGE1 formation. As dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid compete for processing by these oxidation enzymes, introduction of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid to platelets is correlated to suppression of arachidonic acid metabolites and promotion of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid metabolites such as PGE1, which produces an antithrombotic effect.