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Restrict the search for
chlorhexidine
to a specific field?
4-Chloroaniline (4-ClA) is a chlorinated aromatic amine that is formed as an intermediate during the microbial decomposition of phenylurea and phenylcarbamate. The formation of various oligomers by polymerization of 4-ClA with guaiacol in an aqueous solution containing oxidoreductases has been reported. 4-Chloroaniline is used as an intermediate in the production of
a number of products, including agricultural chemicals,
azo dyes and pigments, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical
products. Reactive metabolites of 4-Chloroaniline bind covalently to
haemoglobin and to proteins of liver and kidney. In
humans, haemoglobin adducts are detectable as early as
30 min after accidental exposure, with a maximum level
at 3 h. Repeated exposure to 4-Chloroaniline leads to cyanosis and
methaemoglobinaemia, followed by effects in blood,
liver, spleen, and kidneys, manifested as changes in
haematological parameters, splenomegaly, and moderate
to heavy haemosiderosis in spleen, liver, and kidney,
partially accompanied by extramedullary haematopoiesis. The marketing and use of products containing 4-Chloroaniline based
azo dyes were banned by the European
Union (EU) (EC, 2000).
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
AQUACID-220 by Aqua Medica, S.A. de C.V.
(2020)
Source URL:
First approved in 2020
Source:
AQUACID-220 by Aqua Medica, S.A. de C.V.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Sodium acetate C-11 (C-11 acetate) Injection is a radiopharmaceutical commonly used for clinical studies with positron emission tomography (PET). It is used as a PET radiotracer for imaging cancer cells via incorporation into intracellular phosphatidylcholine membrane microdomains in cancer cells. Positron emission tomography using carbon-11 acetate (AC-PET) may help find local or distant metastases from prostate cancer. C-11 acetate is taken up in proportion to fatty acid synthesis. It is also taken up proportionally to myocardial blood flow, and therefore myocardial oxygen consumption. In rodents, there is clearance from all organs except the pancreas within one hour. Tumor uptake was clearly visible in 30 minutes. In humans, more than 80% of tracer is cleared from normal tissues within 20 minutes.It is taken up in cancer within the prostate and prostate cancer metastases, however, it has been reported that increased uptake can be seen in hyperplastic and benign prostate tissues. No urinary excretion is seen. No toxic effects have been demonstrated. The ongoing clinical trial NCT01530269 is studying how this imaging test may help influence the choice and extent of initial treatments, and subsequent treatments of prostate cancer.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1975)
Source:
NDA017586
(1975)
Source URL:
First approved in 1975
Source:
NDA017586
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Gluconic acid is a natural compound
produced from glucose through a simple dehydrogenation reaction catalysed by glucose oxidase. Gluconic acid and its salts are
used in the formulation of food, pharmaceutical and hygienic products.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1984)
Source:
NDA019125
(1984)
Source URL:
First approved in 1959
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum biocide effective against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. It is used primarily as its salts (e.g., the dihydrochloride, diacetate, and digluconate). Chlorhexidine inactivates microorganisms with a broader spectrum than other antimicrobials (e.g. antibiotics) and has a quicker kill rate than other antimicrobials (e.g. povidone-iodine). It has both bacteriostatic (inhibits bacterial growth) and bactericidal (kills bacteria) mechanisms of action, depending on its concentration. Chlorhexidine kills by disrupting the cell membrane. The most common side effects associated with chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinses are: 1) an increase in staining of teeth and other oral surfaces; 2) an increase in calculus formation; and 3) an alteration in taste perception; 4) toothache; 5) upper respiratory tract infection; and 6) headache.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1984)
Source:
NDA019125
(1984)
Source URL:
First approved in 1959
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum biocide effective against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. It is used primarily as its salts (e.g., the dihydrochloride, diacetate, and digluconate). Chlorhexidine inactivates microorganisms with a broader spectrum than other antimicrobials (e.g. antibiotics) and has a quicker kill rate than other antimicrobials (e.g. povidone-iodine). It has both bacteriostatic (inhibits bacterial growth) and bactericidal (kills bacteria) mechanisms of action, depending on its concentration. Chlorhexidine kills by disrupting the cell membrane. The most common side effects associated with chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinses are: 1) an increase in staining of teeth and other oral surfaces; 2) an increase in calculus formation; and 3) an alteration in taste perception; 4) toothache; 5) upper respiratory tract infection; and 6) headache.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1984)
Source:
NDA019125
(1984)
Source URL:
First approved in 1959
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum biocide effective against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. It is used primarily as its salts (e.g., the dihydrochloride, diacetate, and digluconate). Chlorhexidine inactivates microorganisms with a broader spectrum than other antimicrobials (e.g. antibiotics) and has a quicker kill rate than other antimicrobials (e.g. povidone-iodine). It has both bacteriostatic (inhibits bacterial growth) and bactericidal (kills bacteria) mechanisms of action, depending on its concentration. Chlorhexidine kills by disrupting the cell membrane. The most common side effects associated with chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinses are: 1) an increase in staining of teeth and other oral surfaces; 2) an increase in calculus formation; and 3) an alteration in taste perception; 4) toothache; 5) upper respiratory tract infection; and 6) headache.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1984)
Source:
NDA019125
(1984)
Source URL:
First approved in 1959
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum biocide effective against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. It is used primarily as its salts (e.g., the dihydrochloride, diacetate, and digluconate). Chlorhexidine inactivates microorganisms with a broader spectrum than other antimicrobials (e.g. antibiotics) and has a quicker kill rate than other antimicrobials (e.g. povidone-iodine). It has both bacteriostatic (inhibits bacterial growth) and bactericidal (kills bacteria) mechanisms of action, depending on its concentration. Chlorhexidine kills by disrupting the cell membrane. The most common side effects associated with chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinses are: 1) an increase in staining of teeth and other oral surfaces; 2) an increase in calculus formation; and 3) an alteration in taste perception; 4) toothache; 5) upper respiratory tract infection; and 6) headache.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1984)
Source:
ANDA088638
(1984)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Acetic acid (a component of vinagre) is used in medicine for the treatment of otitis externa caused by bacterial infections. The solution containing acetic acid was approved by FDA.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1984)
Source:
ANDA088638
(1984)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Acetic acid (a component of vinagre) is used in medicine for the treatment of otitis externa caused by bacterial infections. The solution containing acetic acid was approved by FDA.
