Teniposide is an inhibitor of topoisomerase II with anti-cancer activity. The drug was approved by FDA under the name Vumon for the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Altretamine is structurally similar to the alkylating agent triethylenemelamine (tretamine). Although Altretamine structurally resembles an alkylating agent, it has not been found to have alkylating activity in vitro. The precise mechanism of Altretamine cytotoxicity is unknown, although several proposals have been made. Altretamine requires N-demethylation in the liver to produce reactive intermediates (formaldehyde and/or iminium species) which covalently bind to DNA, resulting in DNA damage, or act as alkylating agents. Altretamine is used as a palliative treatment for persistent or recurrent ovarian cancer following treatment failure with a cisplatin- or alkylating agent-based combination. Side effects of Altretamine include nausea and vomiting, neurotoxicity (mood disorders, disorders of consciousness, ataxia, dizziness, vertigo), mild to moderate dose-related myelosuppression. Altretamine has been shown to be embryotoxic and teratogenic in rats and rabbits and may cause fetal damage when administered to a pregnant woman. Under the trade name Hexalen, Altretamine, is an antineoplastic agent. It is indicated for use as a single agent in the palliative treatment of patients with persistent or recurrent ovarian cancer following first-line therapy with a cisplatin and/or alkylating agent-based combination.

Levamisole (the trade name Ergamisol), an anthelminthic drug with immunological properties. It also has antitumor activity when administered with 5-fluorouracil in patients with Duke's C colorectal carcinoma; however, this use was discontinued. The mechanism of the antitumor effect is unknown but has been postulated to be related to levamisole's immunomodulatory properties. Levamisole can stimulate antibody formation to various antigens, enhance T-cell responses by stimulating T-cell activation and proliferation, potentiate monocyte and macrophage functions including phagocytosis, chemotaxis and increases motility, adherence, and chemotaxis. Levamisole inhibits alkaline phosphatase and possesses cholinergic activity. The mechanism of action of levamisole as an antiparasitic agent, for example, to treat ascariasis, relates to its agonistic activity to L-subtype nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in nematode muscles. In addition, levamisole was studied for preventing relapses of the steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (SSINS). It was shown, that alone or in combination with steroids, the drug can prolong the time to relapse and prevented recurrence during one year of treatment. However, these studies also were also discontinued.

Methylparaben (E number E218) is preservative in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. It is completely absorbed through the skin or after ingestion and and it is hydrolyzed to para-hydroxybenzoic acid, and metabolites are rapidly excreted in the urine. Methylparaben is on the FDA generally regarded as safe list.

Nabilone is a synthetic cannabinoid approved under the brand name cesamet for treatment of severe nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. Nabilone is an orally active which, like other cannabinoids, has complex effects on the central nervous system (CNS). It has been suggested that the antiemetic effect of nabilone is caused by interaction with the cannabinoid receptor system, i.e. the CB (1) receptor, which has been discovered in neural tissues.

Cefoperazone (marketed under the name Cefobid) is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefoperazone has a broad spectrum of activity: Respiratory Tract Infections caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S. aureus (penicillinase and non-penicillinase producing strains), S. pyogenes (Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci), P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterobacter species. Peritonitis and Other Intra-abdominal Infections caused by E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and anaerobic gram-negative bacilli (including Bacteroides fragilis). Bacterial Septicemia caused by S. pneumoniae, S. agalactiae, S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus species (indole-positive and indole-negative), Clostridium spp. and anaerobic gram-positive cocci. Infections of the Skin and Skin Structures caused by S. aureus (penicillinase and non-penicillinase producing strains), S. pyogenes, and P. aeruginosa. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Endometritis, and Other Infections of the Female Genital Tract caused by N. gonorrhoeae, S. epidermidis, S. agalactiae, E. coli, Clostridium spp., Bacteroides species (including Bacteroides fragilis), and anaerobic gram-positive cocci. Cefobid has no activity against Chlamydia trachomatis. Therefore, when Cefobid is used in the treatment of patients with pelvic inflammatory disease and C. trachomatis is one of the suspected pathogens, appropriate anti-chlamydial coverage should be added. Urinary Tract Infections caused by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cefoperazone, a third-generation cephalosporin, interferes with cell wall synthesis by binding to the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), thus preventing cross-linking of nascent peptidoglycan. Cefoperazone is stable to penicillinases and has a high degree of stability to many beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative bacteria. When tested in vitro, cefoperazone has demonstrated synergistic interactions with aminoglycosides against gram-negative bacilli. As with all cephalosporins, hypersensitivity manifested by skin reactions or drug fever. Reversible neutropenia may occur with prolonged administration. Diarrhea or loose stools has been reported also.

Metacresol (m-cresol or 3-methylphenol) is colorless, yellowish liquid. It is used as a bactericide for control of crown gall and olive knot on certain fruit and nut trees and ornamentals and the genetic/physiological disorder burr knot on apples. Currently, one product is registered which contains both m-cresol and xylenol. Used as disinfectant/bacteriocide/germicide for animal pathogenic bacteria (G- and G+ vegetative) in households, sickrooms, hospitals, veterinary clinics, and veterinary hospitals; on surgical instruments, diagnostic instruments/equipment and on hospital critical rubber/plastic items. Used as an insecticide and miticide on dogs for treatment of lice and fleas. It is also used for making synthetic resins; in photographic developers, explosives. Additionally, m-cresol is chemical intermediate for thymol used in cough/cold medicinals, synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, 3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol, trinitro-m-cresol for explosives, and phenolic resins; disinfectant ingredient; ore flotation agent; solvent. m-Cresol, either pure or mixed with p-cresol, is important in the production of contact herbicides. m-Cresol is also a precursor to the pyrethroid insecticides. Furthermore, many flavor and fragrance compounds, such as (-)-methanol and musk ambrette, are derived from m-cresol. Several important antioxidants including synthetic vitamin E are produced from m-cresol. m-cresol is used as a topical dental antiseptic. m-cresol is an effective antimicrobial preservative and is used at low levels (0.3%) in multi-dose peptide and protein formulations. m-cresol has been shown to cause protein aggregation.

Maprotiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant with similar pharmacological properties to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Similar to TCAs, maprotiline inhibits neuronal norepinephrine reuptake, possesses some anticholinergic activity, and does not affect monoamine oxidase activity. It differs from TCAs in that it does not appear to block serotonin reuptake. Maprotiline may be used to treat depressive affective disorders, including dysthymic disorder (depressive neurosis) and major depressive disorder. Maprotiline is effective at reducing symptoms of anxiety associated with depression. The mechanism of action of maprotiline is not precisely known. It does not act primarily by stimulation of the central nervous system and is not a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. The postulated mechanism of maprotiline is that it acts primarily by potentiation of central adrenergic synapses by blocking reuptake of norepinephrine at nerve endings. This pharmacologic action is thought to be responsible for the drug’s antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. The mean time to peak is 12 hours. The half-life of elimination averages 51 hours.

Iodamide is an ionic monomeric iodinated radiographic contrast medium. It was used in many procedures and may be given intravenously or by other routes, for example by instillation into the bladder or uterus; it has also been used for computed tomography. It is usually given as a 24 to 65% solution of the meglumine salt, or as a mixture of the sodium and meglumine salts; solutions of the sodium salt have also been used. Iodamide is no longer marketed in the US.

Plicamycin (INN, also known as mithramycin; trade name Mithracin) is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces plicatus. Plicamycin belongs to the group of medicines known as antineoplastics. It may be used to treat certain types of cancer. It is also used to treat hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria (too much calcium in the blood or urine) that may occur with some types of cancer. Once a medicine has been approved for marketing for a certain use, experience may show that it is also useful for other medical problems. Although this use is not included in product labeling, plicamycin is used in certain patients with the following medical condition:Paget's disease of the bone. The manufacturer discontinued plicamycin in 2000. Several different structures are currently reported in different places all with the same chromomycin core, but with different stereochemistry in the glycoside chain, a 1999 study has re-investigated the compound and proposed a revised structure. Although the exact mechanism by which Mithracin (plicamycin) causes tumor inhibition is not yet known, studies have indicated that this compound forms a complex with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and inhibits cellular ribonucleic acid (RNA) and enzymic RNA synthesis. The binding of Mithracin (plicamycin) to DNA in the presence of Mg + + (or other divalent cations) is responsible for the inhibition of DNA-dependent or DNA-directed RNA synthesis. This action presumably accounts for the biological properties of Mithracin (plicamycin). Plicamycin may also lower calcium serum levels by inhibiting the effect of parathyroid hormone upon osteoclasts or by blocking the hypercalcemic action of pharmacologic doses of vitamin D.