Castanospermine (1,6,7,8-tetrahydroxyoctahydroindolizine) is an indolizine alkaloid first isolated from the seeds of Australian tree Castanospermum austral. Castanospermine is a potent inhibitor of some glucosidase enzymes and has antiviral, immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in animal models. Castanospermine has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of almond emulsion β-glucosidase, and also to inhibit fungal β-xylosidase. Additionally, castanospermine may have the potential ability to inhibit syncytium formation between HIV-infected and CD4-expressing cells and may also interfere with infectivity. It has also been demonstrated that this agent inhibits inflammation at the level of leukocyte extravasation in rat models of experimental adjuvant-induced arthritis and autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Celgosivir, Castanospermine’s oral prodrug, is currently tested in clinical trials.

Icometasone (CL09) is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid. It is a metabolite of Mometasone Furoate. The binding on human serum albumin was shown to be non saturable, suggesting that other proteins were involved in CL09 binding. This binding was demonstrated to be reversible. CL09 was extensively metabolized since no unchanged CL09 was recovered in bile or urine and at least nine metabolites have been detected. It was studied in Europe as an anti-asthmatic agent but investigation is discontinued.

Naboctate (SP-325) is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist, which has antiemetic, sedative, anxiolytic and anti-glaucoma properties. In a normotensive rabbit model, topically applied naboctate in aqueous solution induced dose-related decreases in intraocular pressure.

Castanospermine (1,6,7,8-tetrahydroxyoctahydroindolizine) is an indolizine alkaloid first isolated from the seeds of Australian tree Castanospermum austral. Castanospermine is a potent inhibitor of some glucosidase enzymes and has antiviral, immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in animal models. Castanospermine has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of almond emulsion β-glucosidase, and also to inhibit fungal β-xylosidase. Additionally, castanospermine may have the potential ability to inhibit syncytium formation between HIV-infected and CD4-expressing cells and may also interfere with infectivity. It has also been demonstrated that this agent inhibits inflammation at the level of leukocyte extravasation in rat models of experimental adjuvant-induced arthritis and autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Celgosivir, Castanospermine’s oral prodrug, is currently tested in clinical trials.

Copper butyrate is a member of the homologous series, the copper alkanoates. It forms dark green color crystals. It is used in organic synthesis as the catalyst and used in lubricants.