Motexafin lutetium is pentadentate aromatic metallotexaphyrin with photosensitizing properties patented by Pharmacyclics, Inc. as anticancer agent that enhances the cytotoxic potential of photodynamic therapy through several mechanisms, including depleting intracellular reducing metabolites that are necessary for repairing the oxidative damage induced by irradiation. Motexafin lutetium catalyzes the oxidation of intracellular reducing metabolites such as ascorbate, glutathione, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and protein thiols, generating reactive oxygen species in a process known as futile redox cycling. The depletion (through oxidation) of these reducing metabolites removes the substrate necessary in a cell to repair oxidative damage induced by photodynamic therapy and, left unrepaired, such oxidative DNA damage is converted into lethal double-stranded breaks. Motexafin lutetium has the potential to combine the features of selective localization, ability to be activated by deeply penetrating far-red light, low incidence of skin photosensitization and water solubility. The product was in clinical development as a treatment for several types of solid tumors (as Lutrin), age-related macular degeneration (as Optrin), atherosclerosis and prevention of restenosis (as Antrin).

AMG-925, a dual FLT3/CDK4 inhibitor, has been developed to overcome resistance to FLT3 inhibitors, which is a serious clinical issue in treating acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). AMG-925 inhibits FLT3, including many FLT3 mutants reported to date. AMG-925 inhibits the proliferation of a panel of human tumor cell lines including Colo205 (Rb(+)) and U937 (FLT3(WT)) and induced cell death in MOLM13 (FLT3(ITD)) and even in MOLM13 (FLT3(ITD, D835Y)), which exhibits resistance to a number of FLT3 inhibitors currently under clinical development. At well-tolerated doses, AMG-925 leads to significant growth inhibition of MOLM13 xenografts in nude mice, and the activity correlates with inhibition of STAT5 and Rb phosphorylation. AMG-925 is in Phase I clinical trials for the treatment of Acute myeloid leukaemia.

(R)-Ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, is the less active enantiomer of ibuprofen. (S)-enantiomer of ibuprofen has the desired therapeutic effect (160 times more active than its (R)-enantiomer) in the in vitro inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, while the (R)- ibuprofen is inactive. The accumulation of (R)- ibuprofen can cause serious side effects to the human body such as gastrointestinal pain and production of “hybrid” triglycerides between (R)- ibuprofen and Coenzyme A, which disrupt normal lipid metabolism and membrane function. The R(-)-isomer is almost inactive in inhibiting COX-2.

R-306465 is a sulfonyl-derivative patented by Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. as class I histone deacetylase inhibitor with broad-spectrum antitumoral activity against solid and hematological malignancies. R-306465 rapidly induced histone 3 (H3) acetylation and strongly upregulated expression of p21waf1,cip1, a downstream component of HDAC1 signaling, in A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells. R306465 showed class I HDAC isotype selectivity as evidenced by poor inhibition of HDAC6 (class IIb) confirmed by the absence of downregulation of Hsp90 chaperone c-RAF protein expression and tubulin acetylation. R306465 potently inhibited cell proliferation of all main solid tumor indications, including ovarian, lung, colon, breast and prostate cancer cell lines. Hematological cell lines, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma, were potently inhibited at a similar concentration range. R306465 induced apoptosis and inhibited angiogenesis in cell-based assays and had potent oral in vivo antitumoral activity in xenograft models.

Truxicurium is a neuromuscular blocking agent.