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Restrict the search for
nonoxynol-9
to a specific field?
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2001)
Source:
NDA021064
(2001)
Source URL:
First approved in 1997
Source:
NDA020899
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Perflutren is a diagnostic drug that is used for the contrast enhancement during echocardiographic. It consists of lipid-coated microspheres filled with octafluoropropane gas. Ultrasound waves make the microspheres resonate and reflect a strong signal to an ultrasound machine. This results in a difference of density between gas-filled bubbles and blood around them and improves contrast of resulting images. Perflutren is used in patients with suboptimal echocardiograms to opacify the left ventricular chamber and improve the delineation of the heart borders.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2016)
Source:
ANDA205074
(2016)
Source URL:
First approved in 1997
Source:
ZOMIG by IPR
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Zolmitriptan (Zomig; formerly 311C90) is a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT)1B/1D receptor agonist with proven efficacy in the acute treatment of migraine with or without preceding aura. The N-desmethyl metabolite also has high affinity for 5-HT1B/1D and moderate affinity for 5-HT1A receptors. Migraines are likely due to local cranial vasodilatation and/or to the release of sensory neuropeptides (vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide) through nerve endings in the trigeminal system. The therapeutic activity of Zomig for the treatment of migraine headache is thought to be due to the agonist effects at the 5-HT1B/1D receptors on intracranial blood vessels (including the arterio-venous anastomoses) and sensory nerves of the trigeminal system, which result in cranial vessel constriction, and inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2017)
Source:
ANDA209151
(2017)
Source URL:
First approved in 1997
Source:
NDA020333
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Anagrelide is an orally active quinazinolone derivative that was originally developed as an antiplatelet drug. The drug inhibits cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase III (PDEIII) and phopholipase A2, which is thought to cause the side effects of vasodilation, positive inotropism, reduced platelet aggregation. However, significant inhibition of platelet aggregation is observed only at doses of anagrelide higher than those required to reduce platelet count. It is indicated for the treatment of patients with thrombocythemia, secondary to myeloproliferative disorders. Commonly reported side effects of anagrelide include: abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, nausea, and palpitations. Other side effects include: back pain, fever, tachycardia, vomiting, and anorexia. There is a single case report, which suggests that sucralfate may interfere with anagrelide absorption. Anagrelide is an inhibitor of cyclic AMP PDE III. The effects of medicinal products with similar properties such as inotropes milrinone, enoximone, amrinone, olprinone and cilostazol may be exacerbated by anagrelide.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2021)
Source:
ANDA212797
(2021)
Source URL:
First approved in 1997
Source:
MIRAPEX by BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Pramipexole is a nonergot dopamine agonist with high relative in vitro specificity and full intrinsic activity at the D2 subfamily of dopamine receptors, binding with higher affinity to D3 than to D2 or D4 receptor subtypes. The relevance of D3 receptor binding in Parkinson's disease is unknown. The precise mechanism of action of Pramipexole as a treatment for Parkinson's disease is unknown, although it is believed to be related to its ability to stimulate dopamine receptors in the striatum. This conclusion is supported by electrophysiologic studies in animals that have demonstrated that Pramipexole influences striatal neuronal firing rates via activation of dopamine receptors in the striatum and the substantia nigra, the site of neurons that send projections to the striatum.
Pramipexole is used for the treatment of signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2012)
Source:
ANDA077369
(2012)
Source URL:
First approved in 1997
Source:
NDA020758
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Irbesartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. It was developed by Sanofi Research (now part of Sanofi-Aventis). It is marketed under the trade names Aprovel, Karvea, and Avapro. AVAPRO is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) indicated for:
• Treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood
pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events,
primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions.
• Treatment of diabetic nephropathy in hypertensive patients with type 2
diabetes, an elevated serum creatinine, and proteinuria.
Irbesartan is a specific competitive antagonist of AT1 receptors with a much greater affinity
(more than 8500-fold) for the AT1 receptor than for the AT2 receptor and no agonist activity.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1997)
Source:
NDA019922
(1997)
Source URL:
First approved in 1997
Source:
NDA019922
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
Conditions:
Fenoldopam (marketed under the brand name Corlopam) is a drug and synthetic benzazepine derivative which acts as a selective D1 receptor partial agonist. Fenoldopam is a rapid-acting vasodilator. It is an agonist for D1-like dopamine receptors and binds with moderate affinity to α2-adrenoceptors. It has no significant affinity for D2-like receptors, α1 and β adrenoceptors, 5HT1 and 5HT2 receptors, or muscarinic receptors. Fenoldopam is a racemic mixture with the R-isomer responsible for the biological activity. The R-isomer has approximately 250-fold higher affinity for D1-like receptors than does the S-isomer. Fenoldopam Mesylate Injection, USP is indicated for the in-hospital, short-term (up to 48 hours) management of severe hypertension when rapid, but quickly reversible, emergency reduction of blood pressure is clinically indicated, including malignant hypertension with deteriorating end-organ function.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2023)
Source:
ANDA213163
(2023)
Source URL:
First approved in 1996
Source:
NDA020547
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Zafirlukast is an oral leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) for the maintenance treatment of asthma, often used in conjunction with an inhaled steroid and/or long-acting bronchodilator. It is available as a tablet and is usually dosed twice daily. Zafirlukast is indicated for the prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma. Patients with asthma were found in one study to be 25-100 times more sensitive to the bronchoconstricting activity of inhaled LTD4 than nonasthmatic subjects. In vitro studies demonstrated that zafirlukast antagonized the contractile activity of three leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4) in conducting airway smooth muscle from laboratory animals and humans. Zafirlukast prevented intradermal LTD4-induced increases in cutaneous vascular permeability and inhibited inhaled LTD4-induced influx of eosinophils into animal lungs. Zafirlukast is a selective and competitive receptor antagonist of leukotriene D4 and E4 (LTD4 and LTE4), components of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRSA). Cysteinyl leukotriene production and receptor occupation have been correlated with the pathophysiology of asthma, including airway edema, smooth muscle constriction, and altered cellular activity associated with the inflammatory process, which contribute to the signs and symptoms of asthma. Zafirlukast is marketed by Astra Zeneca with the brand names Accolate, Accoleit, and Vanticon. It was the first LTRA to be marketed in the USA and is now approved in over 60 countries, including the UK, Japan, Taiwan, Italy, Spain, Canada, Brazil, China and Turkey.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2023)
Source:
ANDA214344
(2023)
Source URL:
First approved in 1996
Source:
NDA020702
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Atorvastatin calcium (LIPITOR®) is a pyrrole and heptanoic acid derivative, a synthetic lipid-lowering agent. Atorvastatin is a selective, competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, an early and rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Atorvastatin is used to reduce serum levels of LDL(low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol; apolipoprotein B; and triglycerides and to increase serum levels of HDL(high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol in the treatment of hyperlipidemias and prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with multiple risk factors.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2014)
Source:
ANDA078601
(2014)
Source URL:
First approved in 1996
Source:
NDA020533
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Ropivacaine is a member of the amino amide class of local anesthetics and is supplied as the pure S-(-)-enantiomer. It produces effects similar to other local anesthetics via reversible inhibition of sodium ion influx in nerve fibers. Ropivacaine is less lipophilic than bupivacaine and is less likely to penetrate large myelinated motor fibers, resulting in a relatively reduced motor blockade. Thus, ropivacaine has a greater degree of motor-sensory differentiation, which could be useful when the motor blockade is undesirable. The reduced lipophilicity is also associated with decreased potential for central nervous system toxicity and cardiotoxicity. Ropivacaine is indicated for the production of local or regional anesthesia for surgery and for acute pain management.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2022)
Source:
ANDA216462
(2022)
Source URL:
First approved in 1996
Source:
NDA020573
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Sodium phenylbutyrate is a salt of an aromatic fatty acid. The compound is used to treat urea cycle disorders, because its metabolites offer an alternative pathway to the urea cycle to allow excretion of excess nitrogen. Sodium phenylbutyrate is also a histone deacetylase inhibitor and chemical chaperone, leading respectively to research into its use as an anti-cancer agent and in protein misfolding diseases such as cystic fibrosis. It is used as adjunctive therapy for the management of chronic urea cycle disorders due to deficiencies in carbamylphosphate (CPS), ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), or argininosuccinic acid synthetase. It is indicated in all neonatal- onset efficiency presenting within the first 28 days of life. Also indicated in patients with late-onset, presenting after the first month of life with a history of hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Sodium phenylbutyrate is a pro-drug and is rapidly metabolized to phenylacetate. Phenylacetate is a metabolically active compound that conjugates with glutamine via acetylation to form phenylacetylglutamine. The kidneys then excrete Phenylacetylglutamine. PBA (phenylbutyric acid) is absorbed from the intestine and converted by way of β-oxidation to the active moiety, phenylacetic acid (PAA). PAA is conjugated with glutamine in the liver and kidney by way of N-acyl coenzyme A-l-glutamine N-acyltransferase to form phenylacetylglutamine (PAGN). Like urea, PAGN incorporates two waste nitrogens and is excreted in the urine. On a molar basis, it is comparable to urea (each containing two moles of nitrogen). Therefore, phenylacetylglutamine provides an alternate vehicle for waste nitrogen excretion.
