Amicibone is an antitussive agent.

Domoxin is a hydrazine derivative. It is monoamineoxidase inhibitor. Domoxin was developed as antithrombotic agent.

Nebracetam (WEB1881FU) is a pyrrolidinone nootropic. Like other racetams, it is an aminomethyl pyrrolidinone derivative of piracetam. It was first synthesized in Germany in the late 1980s, where it was manufactured by Boehringer Ingelheim. Nebracetam is a M1-muscarinic agonist. In Jurkat cells Nebracetam induced a rise of [Ca2+]i in the medium with 1 mM Ca2+ and without Ca2+ (plus 1 mM EGTA). The nebracetam-induced [Ca2+]i rise was blocked by atropine greater than pirenzepine greater than AF-DX 116. Nebracetam facilitates the ganglionic muscarinic transmission through acting on presynaptic sites. Nebracetam has been investigated as a cognition-enhancing drug, but most of the studies have taken place in animal models. It has been shown to protect neurons in animals exposed to low levels of oxygen and low blood sugar. Nebracetam is also protective against glutamate toxicity, presumably via its modulation of calcium entry. In animal models of Alzheimer’s disease, nebracetam improved memory in a dose-dependent manner. It also protected against ischemia- (lack of oxygen) induced neuronal death in a rat model of stroke. The compound has also been tested as a possible antidepressant, presumably because its mechanism of action (reducing dopaminergic and serotonergic uptake) is similar to other commonly used antidepressants. Some studies have taken place in humans. A single dose was shown to alter brain waves in healthy volunteers, who showed increased alpha activity and an associated decrease of slow activity and of fast activity in the frontal cortex. These results imply that nebracetam might improve linguistic learning and memory processing. A trial in dementia patients reported that significant clinical improvement occurred after 8 weeks. However, other studies did not replicate this finding.

Norepinephrine hydrochloride, (±)- (DL-Norepinephrine Hydrochloride) is a vasoconstrictor, cardiac stimulant, α- and β-sympathomimetic agent. DL-Norepinephrine hydrochloride is an adrenergic drug. Norepinephrine is an endogenous catecholamine that is the neurotransmitter at sympathetic postganglionic fibers. It has potent beta1- and alpha-stimulating effects. In contrast to epinephrine, norepinephrine has only minor effects on beta2 receptors. The clinical effects of norepinephrine administration are mainly increased cardiac index and increased vascular (systemic and pulmonary) resistance. Several adult studies have suggested that norepinephrine is useful in increasing SVR in patients with hyperdynamic or vasodilatory septic shock that is not responsive to dopamine or epinephrine. Additionally, it can augment coronary blood flow by increasing systemic diastolic pressure, at the expense of increasing afterload.

Levisoprenaline (l-isoproterenol) is beta1- and beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist. In Japan, continuous inhalation of levisoprenaline is a recommended treatment for pediatric patients with acute severe exacerbation. Compared with salbutamol, l-isoproterenol reduced modified pulmonary index score more rapidly. But in most countries do not recommend continuous inhalation of l-isoproterenol to treat pediatric patients with acute severe exacerbation of asthma due to worsening asthma control. Levisoprenaline was used to cause experimental chronic heart failure in rats.

Pfizer developed fosdagrocorat (PF-04171327), a dissociated agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The drug successfully completed the phase II clinical trial; however, further study of the drug was discontinued.

Thiorphan is the first potent synthetic inhibitor of enkephalinase. Thiorphan displays antinociceptive activity after systemic administration. Thiorphan also inhibits to a lesser extent the widely distributed angiotensin-converting enzyme, a carboxydipeptidase implicated in blood pressure regulation. Thiorphan failed to potentiate allergen-induced airway responses in asthma. Thiorphan significantly reduced the castor oil-induced diarrhea in rats when administered intravenously but not when administered intracerebroventricularly. Racecadotril, via its active metabolite thiorphan, was consistently effective in animal models and patients with various forms of acute diarrhea by inhibiting pathologic (but not basal) secretion from the gut without changing gastro-intestinal transit time or motility.

Dioxethedrin is the ephedrine derivative. It is the beta-adrenergic agonist. As a bronchodilator and sympathomimetic agent is was used in antitussive syrup Bexol.

Dexpemedolac is long-acting non-narcotic analgesic. Dexpemedolac exhibited potent analgesic effects against chemically induced pain in rats and mice and against inflammatory pain in rats. Dexpemedolac differed from standard nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in that the doses, which produced analgesia were much lower than those required for either anti-inflammatory or gastric irritant effects. The common to the NCAIDs class actions are antipyresis and inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation. In yeast-induced hyperthermic rats, dexpemedolac exhibited antipyretic actions, whereas the drug did not affect body temperature in normothermic animals. Aggregation of human platelets was inhibited by high concentrations of dexpemedolac.