Reboxetine is a selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor that acts by binding to the norepinephrine (NE) transporter and blocking reuptake of extracellular NE back into terminals. This compound has low affinity for other transporters and receptors. Reboxetine is used in acute treatment of depressive illness / major depression. Very common side effects are: difficulties to sleep (insomnia); dizziness; dry mouth; constipation; nausea (feeling sick); sweating. Based on studies conducted primarily outside the US, the FDA granted a preliminary letter of approval in 1999. However, more recent clinical studies conducted in the US and Canada, prompted by the FDA, resulted in a letter of non-approval.

Clefamide is an aromatic ether and antiprotozoal agent that was used to treat and chemoprophylaxis of amoebiasis in the 1960s

Oxilofrine is a sympathomimetic used to treat hypotensive states, with cardiac stimulatory effects similar to those of ephedrine. It has never been approved for use in the USA as a prescription drug or as a dietary supplement. Oxilofrine has been found (1) to act predominantly as a beta1 agonist increasing the speed and force of heart muscle contraction (inotropic effects), specifically, increasing left ventricular ejection fraction and stroke volume; (2) to increase blood pressure; (3) to have variable effects on heart rate; and (4) to potentially increase oxygen uptake by the lungs.

Nemonapride, benzamide derivative (YM-09151-2) is essentially a typical antipsychotic drug, similar in structure to sulpiride. This drug was manufactured by Yamanouchi Pharmaceuticals and released in Japan. The mechanism of action of nemonapride is not proven, but its unique antipsychotic effect arises from its selective binding to the dopamine D2 receptor family. Since nemonapride has high affinity for D3 and D4 dopamine receptors, it is conceivable that its effect on negative symptoms might result from blockade of these receptors. Animal studies have suggested that nemonapride has pharmacological features that are different from those of typical neuroleptics. The low extrapyramidal side effect profile of nemonapride treatment appears to coincide with the characteristic features of another benzamide derivative, remoxipride.

Fenipentol is a choleretic agent indicated for the treatment of chronic liver disease and bile duct disease. The drug is sold without prescription.

Zylofuramine is a psychomotor stimulant. It intended for use as an appetite suppressant and for the treatment of senile dementia in the elderly, but there is little information about it and it does not appear to have ever been marketed.

Tetroxoprim is an inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase. In combination with sulfadiazine (co-tetroxazine) it has been used for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections.

Fenticonazole is an imidazole derivative with a broad spectrum of antimycotic activity. It is used as a nitrate salt under different trade names (Lomexin, Gynoxin, Fentizol, etc) for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. Fenticonazole inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, an important step in the formation of the wall of fungi and blocks the oxidizing enzymes with the corresponding accumulation of peroxides and necrosis of the fungal cell. In vitro studies have shown a broad fungistatic and fungicidal activity. Like other azole agents, the spectrum of action of Fenticonazole also extends to some gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. In vivo studies have also shown activity against Trichomonas Vaginalis.

ISOPENTYL NITRITE (Amyl nitrite) is a chemical compound with an amyl group attached to the nitrite functional group. Amyl nitrite, in common with other alkyl nitrites, is a potent vasodilator; it expands blood vessels, resulting in lowering of the blood pressure. Alkyl nitrites are a source of nitric oxide, which signals for relaxation of the involuntary muscles. Physical effects include the decrease in blood pressure, headache, flushing of the face, increased heart rate, dizziness, and relaxation of involuntary muscles, especially the blood vessel walls and the internal and external anal sphincter. There are no withdrawal symptoms. Overdose symptoms include nausea, vomiting, hypotension, hypoventilation, shortness of breath, and fainting. The effects set in very quickly, typically within a few seconds and disappear within a few minutes. Amyl nitrite may also intensify the experience of synesthesia. Amyl nitrite is employed medically to treat heart diseases as well as angina. Amyl nitrite is sometimes used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning. It can act as an oxidant, to induce the formation of methemoglobin. Methemoglobin, in turn, can sequester cyanide as cyanomethemoglobin.

Gastrodin is the main bioactive component of Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata). Tian Ma Su Zhu She Ye (contains Gastrodin) It is an extensively used in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine, to treat neurasthenia, neurasthenia syndrome, angioneurotic headache disorder, traumatic brain syndrome, vertigo meniere disease, medicinal with dizziness, vertigo, sudden deafness, vestibular neuronitis, vertebral basilar artery blood supply deficiency, etc. Apart from traditional claims, scientific reports support the antioxidative, anticonvulsive, antiinflammatory, antiepileptic, antiobesity, anxiolytic, and learning and memory improvements in activities of gastrodin