15-Epiprostaglandin E1 is a synthetic prostaglandin analogue. The activity of the racemic synthetic prostaglandin is approximately one-half that of the naturally occurring compound. 15-Epiprostaglandin E1 is 4% and 6% as potent as PGE1 in contracting the rat uterus and guinea pig ileum. PGA1 is very potent vasodilator and hypotensive agent, whereas its epimer 15-Epiprostaglandin E1 has a little vasodilator or hypotensive effects in anaesthetized dogs. 15-Epiprostaglandin E1 is a non-competitive inhibitor of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase from human placenta.

Triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) is a neurotoxic very stable polar compound present in waste organic solutions from the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. The acute toxicity of TPPO LC50=12.2µg/mL, LC90=29.5µg/mL is higher than triphenyltin acetate so that a correct management in the relationship with sustainable chemistry is strongly required. TPPO was identified as a selective and potent inhibitor of transient receptor potential melastatin-5 (TRPM5), but at the same moment, it had no effect (up to 100 μM) on the membrane potential responses of TRPA1, TRPV1, or TRPM4b.

ALPROSTADIL ETHYL ESTER is a prodrug of PGE1 with an improved transdermal permeation due to the esterification

The cyclopentenone prostaglandin A1 (PGA1) is considered as an antitumor agent. Its action basis on two distinct mechanisms: direct cytostatic/cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. In addition, the second one is the inhibitory activity of a tumor-associated enzymatic function (i.e., telomerase) that is responsible for cancer cell immortality. In addition, was shown, that PGA1 triggers apoptosis by a process that entails the specific activation of H- and N-Ras isoforms, leading to caspase activation. Rodent models with focal cerebral ischemia have shown that PGA1 has the neuroprotective potential.

Unoprostone Isopropyl is a synthetic docosanoid and a structural analogue of an inactive biosynthetic cyclic derivative of arachidonic acid, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F 2a. Although the mechanism of action is unknown, unoprostone isopropyl is believed to reduce elevated intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork. Unoprostone isopropyl (UI) may have a local effect on Big Potassium channels and ClC-2 chloride channels, but the exact mechanism is unknown at this time. Unoprostone is used for the management of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. The therapeutic efficacy of Unoprostone can be decreased when used in combination with Celecoxib, Diclofenac, Diflunisal, Etodolac and some other drugs. Unoprostone isopropyl ophthalmic solution may gradually increase the pigmentation of the iris, cause pigment changes (darkening) to periorbital pigmented tissues and eyelashes, exacerbate active intraocular inflammation (e.g., uveitis), and cause macular edema. In clinical studies, the most common ocular adverse reactions with use of Rescula were burning/stinging, burning/stinging upon drug instillation, dry eyes, itching, increased length of eyelashes, and injection. These were reported in approximately 10–25% of patients. Ocular adverse reactions occurring in approximately 5–10% of patients were abnormal vision, eyelid disorder, foreign body sensation, and lacrimation disorder. Other adverse reactions occurred more rarely.

Alprostadil isopropyl ester induces a considerable and rapidly appearing increased negativity of interstitial fluid pressure in skin that will enhance edema formation. It is able to inhibit contraction of fibroblast-populated collagen gels, which depends on b1-integrin function. Taken together, Alprostadil isopropyl ester can modulate e interstitial fluid volume and interstitial fluid pressure through effects on the connective tissue cells and extracellular matrix components. Alprostadil isopropyl ester was a test compound in preclinical studies of a selective EP2 and EP4 prostanoid receptor agonists for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction.