U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Showing 11 - 20 of 20 results

Status:
Other

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Levamisole (the trade name Ergamisol), an anthelminthic drug with immunological properties. It also has antitumor activity when administered with 5-fluorouracil in patients with Duke's C colorectal carcinoma; however, this use was discontinued. The mechanism of the antitumor effect is unknown but has been postulated to be related to levamisole's immunomodulatory properties. Levamisole can stimulate antibody formation to various antigens, enhance T-cell responses by stimulating T-cell activation and proliferation, potentiate monocyte and macrophage functions including phagocytosis, chemotaxis and increases motility, adherence, and chemotaxis. Levamisole inhibits alkaline phosphatase and possesses cholinergic activity. The mechanism of action of levamisole as an antiparasitic agent, for example, to treat ascariasis, relates to its agonistic activity to L-subtype nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in nematode muscles. In addition, levamisole was studied for preventing relapses of the steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (SSINS). It was shown, that alone or in combination with steroids, the drug can prolong the time to relapse and prevented recurrence during one year of treatment. However, these studies also were also discontinued.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Canada:OXIBENDAZOLE
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)



Oxibendazole is an anthelmintics drug which is used to protect against roundworms, strongyles, threadworms, pinworms and lungworm infestations in horses and other domestic pets. Oxibendazole causes degenerative alterations in the tegument and intestinal cells of the worm by binding to the colchicine-sensitive site of tubulin, thus inhibiting its polymerization or assembly into microtubules.

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)


Conditions:

Albendazole oxide (Ricobendazole) is a methylcarbamate benzimidazole with a broad-spectrum anthelmintic activity. Ricobendazole is a key metabolite of albendazole. Ricobendazole has broad spectrum anthelmintic action; the drug is active against adult and immature nematodes (Dictyocaulus, Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Thelazia, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum, Bunostomum, Chabertia etc.), tapeworms (Moniezia, Avitellinae, Thysaniezia etc.), as well as adult flukes (Fasciola, Paramphistom, and Dicrocoelium), having an egg-killing effect; it reduces pasture contamination with helminth eggs. The mechanism of action of ricobendazole (albendazole sulfoxide), ensuring its anthelmintic activity, is associated with selective inhibition of beta-tubulin polymerization, which leads to the destruction of cytoplasmic microtubules of helminth intestinal cells; it inhibits the processes of glucose transport and disposal, and inhibits the synthesis of ATP; it blocks the movement of secretory granules and other organelles in the muscle cells of worms, disrupting the permeability of cell membranes and muscle innervation, which causes paralysis and death of the parasites. Albendazole oxide has been shown to induce apoptosis in human cancer cell line HT-29, possibly by arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase.
Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum anti-parasite medication. It was first marketed under the name Stromectol® and used against worms (except tapeworms), but, in 2012, it was approved for the topical treatment of head lice infestations in patients 6 months of age and older, and marketed under the name Sklice™ as well. Ivermectin is mainly used in humans in the treatment of onchocerciasis but is also effective against other worm infestations (such as strongyloidiasis, ascariasis, trichuriasis, and enterobiasis). Ivermectin binds selectively and with high affinity to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels in invertebrate muscle and nerve cells of the microfilaria. This binding causes an increase in the permeability of the cell membrane to chloride ions and results in hyperpolarization of the cell, leading to paralysis and death of the parasite. Ivermectin also is believed to act as an agonist of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), thereby disrupting GABA-mediated central nervous system (CNS) neurosynaptic transmission. Ivermectin may also impair the normal intrauterine development of O. volvulus microfilariae and may inhibit their release from the uteri of gravid female worms. It is sold under brand names Heartgard, Sklice and Stromectol in the United States, Ivomec worldwide by Merial Animal Health, Mectizan in Canada by Merck, Iver-DT in Nepal by Alive Pharmaceutical and Ivexterm in Mexico by Valeant Pharmaceuticals International. In Southeast Asian countries, it is marketed by Delta Pharma Ltd. under the trade name Scabo 6.
mixture
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Octaplasma by Octapharma Pharmazeutika Produktionsges M B H [Canada]
Source URL:

Class:
MIXTURE

Showing 11 - 20 of 20 results