D-aspartic acid is an essential amino acid and a key ingredient in various testosterone boosting anti-estrogen supplements. D-aspartic acid is not used to build proteins; instead, it plays a role in making and releasing hormones in the body. It is an endogenous NMDA receptor agonist with similar activity to the L-isomer. D-aspartic acid also enhances the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone. This action is mediated in the pituitary by cGMP and in the testis by cAMP, which acts as the second messengers in the signal transduction in the pituitary and testes respectively. The pituitary and testis possess a D-Aspartate racemase, which provides the necessary production of this isomer.

Z-Chlorogenic acid better known as cis-5-caffeoylquinic acid is a cinnamate ester formed by condensation fo the carboxy group of cis-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of (+)-quinic acid. It is a naturally occurring isomer of Chlorogenic acid and can be extracted from Nerium indicum flowers, coffee plant, Purpurascen leaves, Artemisia pectinata, and tobacco. In some but not all extractions cis-5caffeoylquinic content is increased after UV exposure of plant or cells.

Tridecanoic acid is a 13-carbon saturated fatty acid found in dairy products and also as a product of anaerobic biodegradation of n-hexadecane. It has been identified as a substrate of phospholipase A2. Saturated fatty acids with carbon chain lengths of C12 to C14 activated the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and epsilon-subspecies of the protein kinase C, and this activation was synergistic with that by diacylglycerol. Tridecanoic acid(C13) was most effective among the saturated fatty acids examined.

Avoralstat, a small molecule inhibitor of plasma kallikrein, participated in clinical trials phase III to prevent hereditary angioedema, but these studied were discontinued due to insufficient efficacy study. Recently published article has described that avoralstat could improve the quality of life in C1‐INH‐HAE patients. Hereditary angioedema (HAE) with C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1‐INH‐HAE) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of swelling of the skin, pharynx, gastrointestinal tract, genitals, and is due primarily to mutations in the SERPING1 gene that results in insufficient production of the natural plasma kallikrein inhibitor, C1 inhibitor (C1‐INH).

Adarotene (ST1926) is a new pro-apoptotic and cytodifferentiating antitumour drug, belongs to the so-called class of atypical retinoids. Adarotene is active on its own or in combination with other chemotherapeutics for the treatment of a vast number of experimental tumors. It was found in preclinical investigations the potential therapeutic use it in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), against Rhabdomyosarcoma and for treatment of Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). ST1926 induced an early DNA damage response, which led to increase in apoptosis, in addition to S-phase cell cycle arrest and a reduction in protein levels of the cell cycle kinase CDK1. The presence of the phenolic hydroxyl group on adarotene structure allows a rapid O-glucuronidation as a major mechanism of elimination of the drug, favoring a fast excretion of its glucuronide metabolite in the urines.

Etarotene (Ro 15-1570) is an arotinoid sulfone. Etarotene inhibits RNase P, a ribonucleoprotein that endonucleolytically cleaves all tRNA precursors to produce the mature 5' end, thereby affecting tRNA biogenesis. Etarotene has antikeratinizing potential. It was undergoing phase III clinical trials with Roche in the US for the treatment of psoriasis and other skin.

Glutaurine is formed from the amino group of taurine with the gamma-carboxy group of L-glutamic acid. It was originally discovered in the parathyroid. Evidence has been found suggesting that glutaurine plays a role in peripheral thyroid hormonal regulation. Glutaurine increases triiodothyronine (T3) levels, but does not alter thyroxine (T4) levels. Glutaurine was also shown to prevent electroconvulsive shock-induced amnesia by counteracting the shock effect on the memory consolidation phase. Other roles that have been suggested for glutaurine include roles as a mouse metabolite, a mammalian metabolite, a human metabolite, an anticonvulsant, an anxiolytic drug and a hormone.