Tyropanic acid and its salt sodium tyropanoate are radiocontrast agents used in cholecystography (X-ray diagnosis of gallstones). Tyropanic acid is sold under the trade names Bilopaque, Lumopaque, Tyropaque, and Bilopac. The molecule contains three heavy iodine atoms which obstruct X-rays in the same way as the calcium in bones to produce a visible image. After injection it is rapidly excreted into the bile.

Iopanoic acid and ipodate salts have been used for oral cholangiography to visualize the biliary ducts. Ipodate salts have been used for the long-term treatment of Graves' disease and in hyperthyroidism. Ipodate reduced levels of T3 and T4 in the patients. Ipodate also inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3. It is not considered a first-line approach. Ipodate sodium lacks FDA approval for these uses. During investigation of mechanism of action was discovered, that binding of sodium ipodate with nuclear T3 receptors was not a prominent mechanism via which the drug attenuates T3 effects in vivo. Sodium ipodate could enhance T3 effects at the cellular level and that enhancement could not be reflected by routinely monitored serum TSH.

Iopanoic acid and ipodate salts have been used for oral cholangiography to visualize the biliary ducts. Ipodate salts have been used for the long-term treatment of Graves' disease and in hyperthyroidism. Ipodate reduced levels of T3 and T4 in the patients. Ipodate also inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3. It is not considered a first-line approach. Ipodate sodium lacks FDA approval for these uses. During investigation of mechanism of action was discovered, that binding of sodium ipodate with nuclear T3 receptors was not a prominent mechanism via which the drug attenuates T3 effects in vivo. Sodium ipodate could enhance T3 effects at the cellular level and that enhancement could not be reflected by routinely monitored serum TSH.

Methiodal is used in lumbar myelography as a contrast agent.

BUNAMIODYL is an cholecystographic agent which was used to aid the radiographic visualization of the gallbladder for detecting the presence of gallstones in cholelithiasis patients. It was withdrawn from the market due to nephropathy.

Diprotrizoic acid is dipropionamino compound. It is a diagnostic aid. Diprotrizoic acid was introduced for urography but it produced more side effects than diatrizoic acid.

BETAZOLE is a histamine H2 receptor agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function.

Iodipamide is used as a contrast agent for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography. Following intravenous administration of Cholografin Meglumine, iodipamide is carried to the liver where it is rapidly secreted. The contrast medium appears in the bile within 10 to 15 minutes after injection, thus permitting visualization of the hepatic and common bile ducts, even in cholecystectomized patients. Iodipamide (Cholografin Meglumine) is indicated for intravenous cholangiography and cholecystography as follows: (a) visualization of the gallbladder and biliary ducts in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal conditions, (b) visualization of the biliary ducts, especially in patients with symptoms after cholecystectomy, and (c) visualization of the gallbladder in patients unable to take oral contrast media or to absorb contrast media from the gastrointestinal tract. The biliary ducts are readily visualized within about 25 minutes after administration, except in patients with impaired liver function. The gallbladder begins to fill within an hour after injection; maximum filling is reached after two to two and one-half hours. Organic iodine compounds block x-rays as they pass through the body, thereby allowing body structures containing iodine to be delineated in contrast to those structures that do not contain iodine. The degree of opacity produced by these iodinated organic compounds is directly proportional to the total amount (concentration and volume) of the iodinated contrast agent in the path of the x-rays. Iodipamide's primary excretion through the hepato-biliary system and concentration in bile allows visualization of the gallbladder and biliary ducts.

Iodipamide is used as a contrast agent for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography. Following intravenous administration of Cholografin Meglumine, iodipamide is carried to the liver where it is rapidly secreted. The contrast medium appears in the bile within 10 to 15 minutes after injection, thus permitting visualization of the hepatic and common bile ducts, even in cholecystectomized patients. Iodipamide (Cholografin Meglumine) is indicated for intravenous cholangiography and cholecystography as follows: (a) visualization of the gallbladder and biliary ducts in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal conditions, (b) visualization of the biliary ducts, especially in patients with symptoms after cholecystectomy, and (c) visualization of the gallbladder in patients unable to take oral contrast media or to absorb contrast media from the gastrointestinal tract. The biliary ducts are readily visualized within about 25 minutes after administration, except in patients with impaired liver function. The gallbladder begins to fill within an hour after injection; maximum filling is reached after two to two and one-half hours. Organic iodine compounds block x-rays as they pass through the body, thereby allowing body structures containing iodine to be delineated in contrast to those structures that do not contain iodine. The degree of opacity produced by these iodinated organic compounds is directly proportional to the total amount (concentration and volume) of the iodinated contrast agent in the path of the x-rays. Iodipamide's primary excretion through the hepato-biliary system and concentration in bile allows visualization of the gallbladder and biliary ducts.

Acetrizoic acid (trade names Gastrografina, Urografina in Portugal) is a palatable lemon-flavored water-soluble iodinated radiopaque X-ray contrast medium for oral or rectal administration only. Acetrizoic acid is indicated for radiographic examination of segments of the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, proximal small intestine, and colon). The preparation is particularly indicated when a more viscous agent such as barium sulfate, which is not water-soluble, is not feasible or is potentially dangerous. Administration of hypertonic Gastrografin solutions may lead to hypovolemia and hypotension due to fluid loss from the intestine.