Cinidon-ethyl (BAS 615H) is a herbicide of isoindoldione class which selectively controls a wide spectrum of broadleaf weeds in cereals. Cinidon‐ethyl strongly inhibited protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) activity in vitro, with I50 values of approximately 1 nM for the enzyme isolated from the weed species and from wheat. Cinidon-ethyl was approved in the EU in the early 2010s, but authorization was revoked due to lack of interest from the applicant.

Ticabesone Propionate is Ticabesone ester patented by Syntex, Inc. as an anti-inflammatory agent. Ticabesone Propionate shows potent antiinflammatory activity silver nitrate-induced inflammation in the rat cornea.

Triclopyr-butotyl is an ester form of selective systemic herbicide triclopyr. Prolonged or frequently repeated skin contact with triclopyr-butotyl may cause allergic skin reactions in some individuals. Animal and in-vitro genetic studies were negative for triclopyr-butotyl. Triclopyr-butotyl did not cause cancer in laboratory animals.

Piritrexim is a synthetic antifolate agent with antiparasitic, antipsoriatic and antitumor properties. Piritrexim inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby disrupting folate metabolism and DNA synthesis and cell division. A theoretical advantage of piritrexim over trimetrexate is a lack of any known effects on histamine metabolism, which may lower the risk of hypersensitivity reactions. Piritrexim is a nonclassical antifolate for antitumor and parasitic chemotherapy that passively diffuses into cells and hence do not have to depend on folylpoly-gamma-glutamate synthetase or the reduced folate carrier. Because piritrexim is not a substrate for polyglutamation, the drug is not selectively retained within cells for prolonged periods. Piritrexim has a reliably high oral bioavailability of about 75%, which has led to its development as an oral lipophilic antifolate. Most commonly, it has been administered in oral daily doses of 75 to 150 mg bid or tid every 5 days, with cycles repeated every 3 weeks. Oral absorption is rapid, with peak plasma levels appearing at 1.5 hours after ingestion. Elimination occurs primarily via hepatic metabolism of the drug to active metabolites, and the terminal half-life of the parent compound is about 1.5 to 4.5 hours. Single-agent oral piritrexim has clinical activity in melanoma, urothelial cancers, and head and neck cancers. Tolerable combinations of piritrexim with cisplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin have been tested, with promising results achieved in head and neck cancer. An interesting attempt to alternate piritrexim with methotrexate did not have any greater activity than methotrexate alone.

Oxaloacetate (OAA), a salt of oxaloacetic acid, is a metabolic intermediate in many processes, e.g., urea cycle, gluconeogenesis, etc. that occur in animals. Experiments on animal have revealed that OAA was able to protect hepatocytes from hypoxia and liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. OAA also possesses a neuroprotective effect against ischemic injury, which strengthens the likelihood of its future applicability as a novel neuroprotective agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke patients. In addition, experiments on adipose stromal cells have shown that OAA directly protected cerebellar granule neurons from apoptosis induced by serum and potassium deprivation.

Chlorpyrifos-methyl is a broad-spectrum organophosphorous insecticide and potential toxic pollutant widely used in agriculture and effective against a wide range of insect pests in commercial importance crops. Chlorpyrifos-methyl have endocrine disruption activity, especially anti-androgenic effects and Chlorpyrifos-methyl administration leads to hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity in mammals. The fish exposed to chlorpyrifos-methyl exhibited behavioral changes in the form of neurotoxin toxicity: less general activity than control group, loss of equilibrium, erratic swimming and staying motionless at a certain location

Bifenthrin is a pyrethroid insecticide used in urban and agricultural applications. Bifenthrin is a broad-spectrum insecticide that modifies voltage-gated ion channels disrupting the normal function of nerve cells. In May 2010 EU Commission withdrawn plant protection products containing bifenthrin.

Tilomisole (also known as Wy-18,251) is a benzimidazole derivative patented by American Home Products Corp. as an antineoplastic agent with immunomodulating and antimetastatic activity. Tilomisole significantly enhanced the blastogenic response of cancer patients' lymphocytes in vitro. Tilomisole significantly increases macrophage phagocytosis against 51chromium labeled opsonized chicken red blood cells. In preclinical models, Tilomisole administration significantly increases peripheral blood lymphocytes in rats and demonstrates marked anti-inflammatory activity. The acute anti-inflammatory of Tilomisole.) was similar to aspirin, but in contrast to aspirin, Tilomisole failed to demonstrate antipyretic activity. Tilomisole also inhibited chronic inflammatory responses in the adjuvant- and collagen-induced arthritis models. Unfortunately, in clinical trials, Tilomisole failed to demonstrate significant antitumor responses.

Leukotriene B4 is a pro-inflammatory mediator synthesized in myeloid cells from arachidonic acid. Leukotriene B4 induces recruitment and activation of neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils. It also stimulates the production of a number of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators indicating an ability to augment and prolong tissue inflammation. Elevated levels of leukotriene B4 have been found in a number of inflammatory diseases and levels are related to disease activity in some of these. Leukotriene B4 has a central role in metabolic dysfunctions. By increasing MyD88 expression, leukotriene B4 enhances macrophage response to TLR/IL1 receptor agonists potentiating the sterile inflammation, a central event in metabolic disease progression. Thus, leukotriene B4 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Leukotriene B4 could serve as a biomarker for evaluating bestatin efficacy in colorectal cancer.