Zanapezil (TAK-147) is a selective reversible acetylcholine (ACh) esterase inhibitor that was designed as a drug for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. The development of the drug was discontinued due to a lack of a dose-dependent effect in the trials.

Bencyclane, a cycloheptane, is a vasodilator, antiplasmodic and a platelet aggregation inhibitor found to be effective in a variety of peripheral circulation disorders. Bencyclane has various other potentially useful pharmacological effects such as smooth muscle relaxation. Under the trade name Halidor it is used in several European countries to treat the symptoms of atherosclerosis, occlusive arterial disease. Its mechanism may involve block of calcium channels. However as was shown in vitro it does not act by a direct influence on the Ca2+ pumps of vascular smooth muscle cells. In in vitro biochemical assays related to smooth muscle excitation-contraction coupling, binding to beta 1-, beta 2-, and alpha-adrenergic receptors, inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity, and antagonism of calcium accumulation bencyclane bound to alpha- and beta-receptors. Bencyclane appeared to be a promising anti-sickling agent that can be used orally in sickle cell anaemia (SCD).

Propiram is an orally administered analgesic with partial morphine-like agonist and weak antagonist properties. Analgesic efficacy of propiram, usually 50 or 100mg, appears comparable to that of standard dosages of other oral opioid drugs [i.e. pentazocine, pethidine (meperidine)] in patients with acute pain of moderate to severe intensity arising from various gynaecological and surgical procedures, and may be superior to codeine in gynaecological and postoperative dental pain. Propiram is a non-addictive analgesic for the relief of moderate-to-severe pain. Propiram reached Phase III clinical trials in the United States and Canada, but was discontinued. Propiram is a partial opioid mu receptor agonist.

Oxetorone is an antimigraine drug used for the disease-modifying treatment of migraines and marketed in several European countries. It works by non-selective inhibition of serotonin receptors and antihistamine agent. The therapeutic effects of oxetorone are primarily linked to antiserotonergic and also antihistamine and anti-adrenergic properties. Antidopaminergic properties are also suspected because hyperprolactinemia and extrapyramidal reactions have been observed. Adverse effects are: hypertonia, drowsiness at the start of treatment, diarrhoea and lymphocytic colitis. Acute intoxications by oxetorone, although uncommon, are potentially severe poisonings.

Bopindolol (4-[benzoyloxy-3-tertbutylaminopropoxy]-2-methylindole hydrogen malonate) is an indole beta-adrenoceptor antagonist bearing a benzoyl ester residue on the beta-carbon atom of the propanolamine side chain. Bopindolol is metabolized by esterase to benzoic acid and an active metabolite, 18-502 [4-(3-t-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-methyl indole], which is further metabolized to 20-785 [4-(3-t-butylaminopropoxy)-2-carboxyl indole]. Bopindolol produces sustained blockade of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors, has intrinsic sympathomimetic as well as membrane stabilizing actions, inhibits renin secretion, and interacts with 5-HT receptors. Bopindolol is used in the treatment of hypertension. In limited trials bopindolol has also successfully reduced symptoms in patients with angina pectoris, anxiety and essential tremor.

Ethyl fumarate is an anti-psoriatic agent. Its salts are used for the treatment of severe psoriasis (Fumaderm formulation). The mechanism of its action is unknown.

Cotinine is a product formed after the chemical nicotine enters the body. Measuring cotinine in people’s blood is the most reliable way to determine exposure to nicotine for both smokers and nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Cotinine is safe, non-addictive and has pharmacokinetic properties adequate for therapeutic use. Research has shown that cotinine has antipsychotic, anxiolytic, and antidepressant properties and modulates the serotonergic, cholinergic and dopaminergic systems. Cotinine behaves as a positive allosteric modulator of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and has anti-inflammatory effects. Cotinine is under investigation as an agent for the treatment of depression, PTSD, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Medifoxamine, an antidepressive drug, preferentially inhibits dopamine reuptake. It was marketed in France, but because of the hepatotoxicity, then was withdrawn.

Calcium Fumarate is a calcium salt of fumaric acid, it can be used as a food supplement. Calcium Fumarate may be used to treat conditions caused by low Calcium levels such as bone loss (osteoporosis), weak bones (osteomalacia/rickets), decreased activity of the parathyroid gland (hypoparathyroidism), and a certain muscle disease (latent tetany). It may also be used in certain patients to make sure they are getting enough Calcium (e.g., women who are pregnant, nursing, or postmenopausal, people taking certain medications such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, or prednisone). Calcium Fumarate is classified by the FDA as a dietary and nutritional additive (21CFR§172.350) and has been used for many years.