Inulin is a water soluble storage polysaccharide used as a prebiotic, fat replacer, sugar replacer, and texture modifier. Inulin is a soluble fiber which is not digested by human enzymes and produces distinctive fiber-alike results on the effectiveness of the gut, thus, lowering the pH of intestine, providing assistance in relieving constipation and increasing stool load or rate. Inulin decrease the risk of many diseases of the intestinal tract, particularly irritable bowel diseases and colon cancer. Inulin products contain mainly short-chain molecules which enhance the sweetness of sucrose up to 35%, thus it is useful to partially replace sucrose molecule’s flavor. Inulin has been proved an attractive applicant as a low-calorie bulking agent in chocolate, mostly in combination with a polyol which replaces sugar contents without any effect on fat contents. Further uses of inulin include colon specific drug administration and stabilizing and adjuvating vaccine formulations.

Lanthanum hydroxide (La(OH)3) is a rare novel earth compound which has so far been fabricated with various morphologies such as nanopowders, nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods and nanobelts from different methods like solvothermal, hydrothermal, sol-gel and template assisted routes. This compound has many attractive applications in gas-exhaust convectors, optical coatings, catalysts, superconductors, hydrogen storage materials and next generation of high dielectric constant gate dielectrics. It is a useful carrier precipitate for a number of ions. It was applied to the collection of traces of aluminum, bismuth, gold, iridium, iron, lead, thallium and titanium in silver metal. It is a predecessor Lanthanum oxide, which has a great interest as catalyst material.

Indium In-111 is used in specialized diagnostic applications, for example, with indium-111 labelled antibodies. It is useful for labelling blood cell components. Other applications include labelling of platelets for thrombus detection, labelled leukocytes for localization of inflammation and abscesses, as well as leukocyte kinetics. Indium forms a saturated (1:3) complex with oxyquinoline. The complex is neutral and lipidsoluble, which enables it to penetrate the cell membrane. Within the cell, indium becomes firmly attached to cytoplasmic components; the liberated oxyquinoline is released by the cell. It is thought likely that the mechanism of labeling cells with indium In 111 oxyquinoline involves an exchange reaction between the oxyquinoline carrier and subcellular components which chelate indium more strongly than oxyquinoline. Indium In-111 oxyquinoline is indicated for radiolabeling autologous leukocytes. Indium In-111 oxyquinoline labeled leukocytes may be used as an adjunct in the detection of inflammatory processes to which leukocytes migrate, such as those associated with abscesses or other infection, following reinjection and detection by appropriate imaging procedures. The degree of accuracy may vary with labeling techniques and with the size, location and nature of the inflammatory process. Sensitivity reactions (urticaria) have been reported. The presence of fever may mask pyrogenic reactions from indium In 111 oxyquinoline labeled leukocytes. Indium In-111 Chloride is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical intended for radiolabeling OncoScint (satumomab pendetide) or ProstaScint (capromab pendetide) used for in vivo diagnostic imaging procedures and for radiolabeling Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan) in preparations used for radioimmunotherapy procedures.

Strontium SR-89 is a radioactive isotope of strontium. Strontium-89 decays by beta emission with a half-life of 50.5 days. Beta-particles produced by radioactive decay penetrate tissues at a range of approximately 8 mm. Strontium SR-89 is used in medicine for the relief of bone pain in patients with painful skeletal metastases. Following intravenous injection, soluble strontium compounds behave like their calcium analogs, clearing rapidly from the blood and selectively localizing in bone mineral. Uptake of strontium by bone occurs preferentially in sites of active osteogenesis; thus primary bone tumors and areas of metastatic involvement (blastic lesions) can accumulate significantly greater concentrations of strontium than surrounding normal bone.

Rubidium Rb-82 is a radioactive isotope of rubidium. It is widely used for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the myocardium under rest or pharmacologic stress conditions to evaluate regional myocardial perfusion in adult patients with suspected or existing coronary artery disease. Rb-82 decays by positron emission and associated gamma emission with a physical half-life of 75 seconds. In biochemical behavior, it is analogous to potassium ion (K+) and is rapidly extracted by the myocardium proportional to the blood flow. Rb+ participates in the sodium-potassium (Na+/K+) ion exchange pumps that are present in cell membranes. 82 radioactivity in viable myocardium is higher than in infarcted tissue, reflecting intracellular retention. Rubidium 82 chloride was approved by the FDA and is marketed under a trade name Ruby-Fill and Cardiogen-82.