SULFACLOZINE is a competitive antagonist of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a precursor of folic acid, in protozoa and bacteria. It is indicated for treatment of coccidiosis in poultry due to infection with Eimeria species, fowl typhoid due to infection with Salmonella gallinarum and fowl cholera due to infection with Pasteurella multocida. Adverse reactions are liver damage, allergic reactions. In poultry undesirable effects, as inappetence, diarrhoea, growth depression, or haemorrhages after administration of sulfaclozine are rare. Prolong use may cause crystal urea.

Meptazinol is a unique opioid analgesic. Binding studies suggest a relative selectivity for mu-1 opioid receptor sites. Meptid is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including post-operative pain, obstetric pain and the pain of renal colic. The most commonly reported adverse reactions after treatment with meptazinol are nausea, vomiting, dizziness, diarrhoea and increased sweating, constipation, abdominal pain, rash, vertigo, headache, drowsiness, somnolence and dyspepsia.

Penequinine (penehyclidine) is a selective M1/M2 receptor antagonist. Due to anticholinergic effects, penequinine is used in Chine for the treatment of organophosphorus and soman poisoning. In addition, penequinine is a negative regulator of TLR4 and NF-kB signaling and is investigated as a potential treatment in clinical trials for the treatment of acute lung injury and acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Cyphenothrin is one of the type II pyrethroid insecticide, in combination with fipronil it used to provide dogs with protection to common topical parasites in dogs. Cyphenothrin primarily affects sodium channels in excitable membranes causing a prolongation of the sodium current during excitation. The prolonged sodium current results in the development of a depolarizing after potential following the action and is responsible for the induction of repetitive activity, which is the most characteristic effect of pyrethroid poisoning in the nervous system. At low concentrations, insects and other arthropods suffer from hyperactivity. At high concentrations, they are paralyzed and die.

Myristamidopropyl dimethylamine [MAPD] is an amidoamine compound that shows activity against Acanthamoeba as well as a variety of other causal agents of microbial keratitis. MAPD, present in Opti-Free Express Multi-Purpose Disinfecting solution for contact lenses, has been shown to exhibit anti-acanthamoeba activity. Challenge test assays were used to study the efficacy of 50 mg/L MAPD against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Fusarium solani and Acanthamoeba polyphaga. MAPD gave a 3.7 log kill of P. aeruginosa after 60 min, 5.4 log for S. aureus by 45 min and 5 log for C. albicans and F. solani within 15 min. A. polyphaga cysts were reduced by 4 log within 120 min. MAPD also possesses excellent antifungal and antibacterial activity. MAPD may represent a broad-spectrum therapeutic antimicrobial for keratitis and surgical prophylaxis and deserves further evaluation in these roles. Myristamidopropyl dimethylamine uses and applications also include: surfactant; emulsifier for cosmetics and toiletries; conditioner; viscous builder; softener for textile finishes.

Oxaflozane is non-tricyclic antidepressant with serotoninergic action. In animals, oxaflozane has anti-cataleptic and anti-aggressive action with weak potentiation of stereotypes provoked by amphetamine. Oxaflozane was developed by Solvay Pharma and marketed in France under tradename Conflictan. The drug was discontinued in 2004.

Methylbenzethonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium with antimicrobial activity, which is used in combination with aminoglycoside antibiotic, paromomycin (brand name LESHCUTAN) for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Meglumine acetrizoate is a contrast agent used as a component of radiopaque medium in diagnostic procedures such as hysterosalpingography.

A potent, selective and orally active receptor antagonist of leukotriene D4, verlukast (MK-571), was discovered and developed from a styrylquinoline lead structure based on a hypothetical model of the leukotriene D4 receptor. MK-571 blocks the action of LTD4 in animals and man, and is effective in a number of animal models of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction at plasma concentration at or below 2 ug/mL. MK-571 also blocks antigen-induced asthmatic responses in man. MK-571 is a potent and selective leukotriene D4 (LTD4) antagonist and ABCC multidrug resistance protein 1(MRP1) inhibitor. The cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4, mediate their actions through two distinct G-protein coupled receptors. LTD4 is the preferred ligand for the CysLT1 receptor, whereas LTC4 and LTD4 bind with approximately equal affinity to the CysLT2 receptor. MK-571 is a selective, orally active CysLT1 receptor antagonist. It blocks the binding of LTD4, but not LTC4, to human and guinea pig lung membranes with Ki values of 0.22 nM and 2.1 nM, respectively. MK-571 effectively blocks LTD4 activation of recombinant human and mouse CysLT1 receptors but is ineffective at blocking LTC4 or LTD4 activation of the recombinant human or murine CysLT2 receptors.

Benidipine is an orally triple L-, T-, and N-type calcium channel blocker for the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris synthesized and developed by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. Benidipine, approved in Japan in November 1991, has become one of the three best selling CCBs and is highly useful as a potent, long-lasting antihypertensive and antianginal agent.