Carabersat is an anticonvulsant devoid of cardiovascular side effects with minimal central nervous system adverse actions. Carabersat does not bind to ion channels, purinergic, aminergic, opioid and other peptidergic receptors. It selectively interacts with its own binding site, which is not yet elucidated. Carabersat has no effect on sodium channels, GABAergic or glutamate pathways. Carabersat had been in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of epilepsy. It has a potential action in preventing migraines because it acts through an inhibition of the cortical spreading depression trigeminal nerve-induced vasodilatation in cats. Its good therapeutic index and the markedly reduced neurological impairments could make it a useful agent for migraine prophylaxis pending efficacy parameters of controlled studies, which are underway.

Salmisteine was studied as an antipyretic and mucolytic agent. Information about the current use of this compound is not available.

Darenzepine is an antagonist of muscarinic receptors, developed by at Knoll/BASF Pharma. It is claimed to have antiulcer effect superior to pirenzepine and to have less anticholinergic adverse effects.

Piridicillin is the semi-synthetic penicillin. It has exhibited broad-spectrum activity in vitro against gram-positive cocci, except penicillin G-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and against gram-negative bacilli. Piridicillin is reported to be more active in-vitro than piperacillin, azlocillin or ticarcillin against Ps. aeruginosa. It is unstable at alkaline pH and displays marked inoculum independence.

Mofoxime is a phenoxyalkylcarboxylic acid derivative patented by Orchimed S. A. as a neurotropic and anti-inflammatory compound.

Cebaracetam is piperazinylpyrrolidinone derivative patented by pharmaceutical company Ciba-Geigy A.-G. for treatment of amnesia and retention defects.

alpha-MELANOTROPIN (also known as an alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone or alpha MSH) is an endogenous melanocortin 1-receptor agonist, which exclusively expressed in cells of the melanocytic lineage. alpha-MELANOTROPIN possesses anti-inflammatory properties and antagonizes proinflammatory mediators, including TNF-alpha, IL-6 and NO, and induces anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. alpha-MELANOTROPIN was studied in phase I clinical trial in patients with acute renal failure. In addition, this compound was assigned of orphan designation for the treatment of chronic beryllium disease.

Etacepride is a neuroleptic and antiemetic agent.

Dutogliptin (PHX-1149T) is a small-molecule dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for the potential oral treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DPP-4 quickly degrades the insulin secretory hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide-1; thus inhibiting the degradation of these hormones is a viable treatment option for patients with T2DM. In preclinical studies, dutogliptin potently inhibited DPP-4 and, in a model of T2DM, treatment with dutogliptin improved glucose homeostasis. Pharmacokinetic analyses in animals, healthy individuals and patients with T2DM demonstrated that drug exposure increased in a dose-dependent manner. Results from phase II clinical trials indicated that once-daily dutogliptin, in combination with other oral diabetes therapies, reduces postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c levels, both indicators of successful diabetes management. The incidence of adverse events was similar in treatment and placebo groups, with slightly more headache, arthralgia, sinusitis, and dizziness occurring in the 400 mg dutogliptin group compared with placebo. Phase II clinical trial for the myocardial infarction treatment is underway.

Cinaproxen is naproxen derivative developed by Nicox S.A. for oxidative stress prevention and treatment.