Ethyl nitrate is an inhaled organic nitrate that affects pulmonary vascular tone and may be used as a possible treatment for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Ethyl nitrate acts by generating NO, which activates soluble guanylate cyclase to increase intracellular cyclic GMP. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in intracellular calcium and relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle.

Ethyl biscoumacetate is a courmarin that is used as an anticoagulant. It has actions similar to those of Warfarin. It has been used in the management of thromboembolic disorders.

Urethane (Ethyl carbamate) is is an ethyl ester of carbamic acid, that has been found in many fermented food products and alcoholic beverages such as cheese, bread, yogurt, wine, whiskey, soya sauce etc. An in vitro study indicated that Urethane has a potential to inhibit the growth of bacteria, plant tissue, and rat carcinoma. Urethane has been used for many years as an antineoplastic agent for medical purposes but this application ended after it was discovered to be carcinogenic in 1943. Urethane can produce long-lasting anesthesia without affecting blood gases or blood pressure, it has been used in acute studies. In earlier studies, Urethane was also used as a co-solvent for water-insoluble analgesic and sedative drugs in Japan. By US FDA regulations, ethyl carbamate has been withdrawn from pharmaceutical use. However, small quantities of ethyl carbamate are also used in laboratories as an anesthetic for animals.

Ethyl nitrite is an alkyl nitrite and the main ingredient in a traditional ethanol-based South African remedy for colds and flu known as Witdulsies and sold in pharmacies. It is known as a traditional Afrikaans remedy and may have Dutch roots, as the same remedy is apparently made by the Germano-Dutch Amish people in the USA. However FDA has blocked over-the-counter sales of this same remedy, known in the USA as sweet nitrite or sweet spirit of nitre since 1980. Ethyl nitrite use has been associated with fatal methemoglobinemia and severe anoxic metabolic acidosis in infant

Ethyl vanillate is an organic compound used as a perfuming agent in the cosmetic industry. It the 1950s it was investigated as a fungistatic and fungicidal agent for the treatment of histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis. It was effective in a limited number of cases, but the clinical disadvantages - high dose required to achieve the effect (up to 44 g/day) and the lack of a parenterally administrable form of a drug - prevented further development of the drug for the treatment of infectious diseases.