Nordazepam (INN; marketed under brand names Nordaz, Stilny, Madar, Vegesan, and Calmday) is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative with amnesic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, and sedative properties. Nordazepam is an active metabolite of diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, prazepam, pinazepam, and medazepam, used primarily in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Nordazepam is a partial agonist at the GABAA receptor, which makes it less potent than other benzodiazepines, particularly in its amnesic and muscle-relaxing effects. Nordazepam’s elimination half-life is between 36 and 200 hours, with wide variation among individuals; factors such as age and gender are known to impact it. The variation of reported half-life are attributed to differences in nordazepam metabolism and that of its metabolites as nordazepam is hydroxylated to active metabolites such as oxazepam, before finally being glucuronidated and excreted in the urine. Common side effects of nordazepam include somnolence, which is more common in elderly patients and/or people on high-dose regimens. Hypotonia, which is much less common, is also associated with high doses and/or old age.

Buparvaquone is a second-generation hydroxynaphtaquinone with novel features that make it an effective compound for the therapy and prophylaxis of all forms of theileriosis. It has shown promising activities against Leishmania spp. and Neospora caninum infection. In combination with arteether it is effective against Babesia equi. Buparvaquone directly inhibits the respiration of Theileria parasites. Due to the inhibiting effects of theileriosis on the immune system, vaccination should be delayed until the animal has recovered from theileriosis. Localised, painless, oedematous swelling may occasionally be seen at the injection site.

Etoperidone is an atypical antidepressant introduced in Europe in 1977. The activity of etoperidone is made mainly by its major metabolite 1-(3'-chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP). mCPP binds with different affinity to most of the serotonergic receptors and adrenergic receptors. This metabolite is an agonist of 5-HT2c and an antagonist of 5-HT2a. Part of etoperidone structure contributes to the activity in the α-adrenergic receptors. Etoperidone has been studied for the treatment of depression, tremors in Parkinson, extrapyramidal symptoms and male impotence. It is not certain if it was ever approved and marketed but its current status is withdrawn.

TERIZIDONE, a structural analog of cycloserine, is a broad spectrum antibiotic used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. However, its effectiveness is widely debated. Terizidone acts by inhibiting cell wall synthesis by competitively inhibiting two enzymes, L-alanine racemase and D-alanine ligase, thereby impairing peptidoglycan formation necessary for bacterial cell wall synthesis.

Temocillin was marketed by Beecham Pharmaceuticals in the UK in the 1980s but achieved little commercial success and was withdrawn, though it remained available via the manufacturer’s medical department. Presently licensed to Eumedica, temocillin is being re-launched in the UK and Belgium for treating UTI, sepsis, and respiratory infections by ESBL (Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases) and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae. It acts by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. It irreversibly binds to the active site of specific transpeptidases and carboxypeptidases known as Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBP), preventing peptidoglycan production.

Levomethadyl acetate (LAAM) is a synthetic opioid agonist with actions qualitatively similar to morphine (a prototypic mu agonist) and affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and smooth muscle. Principal actions include analgesia and sedation. Tolerance to these effects develops with repeated use. An abstinence syndrome generally occurs upon cessation of chronic administration similar to that observed with other opiates, but with slower onset, more prolonged course, and less severe symptoms. LAAM exerts its clinical effects in the treatment of opiate abuse through two mechanisms. First, LAAM cross-substitutes for opiates of the morphinetype, suppressing symptoms of withdrawal in opiate-dependent individuals. Second, chronic oral administration of LAAM can produce sufficient tolerance to block the subjective “high” of usual doses of parenterally administered opiates. Since the introduction of levomethadyl in 1995, the manufacturer has received increasing reports of severe cardiac-related adverse events, including QT interval prolongation, Torsades de Pointes and cardiac arrest. Other cardiac-related adverse events have also been reported, including arrhythmias, syncope, and angina. These events led to the removal of levomethadyl from the European market in March 2001. A very small number of patients may benefit from levomethadyl, but the risk of continued distribution and use no longer outweighs the overall benefits.

17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP), or hydroxyprogesterone (OHP), also known as 17α-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione is used under the brand name Gestageno, and has been marketed for clinical use in Argentina. It was indicated for female infertility, hypertrichosis, menstrual disorders, premature labour, threatened or recurrent miscarriage. It is used to properly regulate the menstrual cycle and treat unusual stopping of the menstrual periods (amenorrhea). To help a pregnancy occur during egg donor or infertility procedures in women who do not produce enough progesterone. To prevent estrogen from thickening the lining of the uterus (endometrial hyperplasia) in women around menopause who are being treated with estrogen for ovarian hormone therapy (OHT). To treat a condition called endometriosis, to help prevent endometrial hyperplasia, or to treat unusual and heavy bleeding of the uterus (dysfunctional uterine bleeding) by starting or stopping the menstrual cycle. 17α-OHP is an agonist of the progesterone receptor (PR) similarly to progesterone. In addition, it is an antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) as well as a partial agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), albeit with very low potency (EC50 >100-fold less relative to cortisol) at the latter site, also similarly to progesterone.

Ciprofibrate is an orally active phenoxyisobutyrate hypolipidemic compound. It acts by activating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha. Ciprofibrate is efficacious for the correction of hyperlipidaemias.

Cefalonium is a 1st generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of actvity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterias. The drug inhibits the bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding proteins. Cefalonium is approved for routine dry cow therapy to treat existing sub-clinical infections and to prevent new infections which occur during the dry period.

Canrenone, a spironolactone metabolite, is a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Canrenone is used as a diuretic in Europe and, in particular, in Italy under brand name Luvion. Luvion is a tablet for oral application which is effective for the treatment Hyperaldosteronism primary, secondary hyperaldosteronism from edematous states ( heart failure congestive, cirrhosis of the liver in phase ascites, nephrotic syndrome) and arterial hypertension essential where other therapies were not sufficiently effective or tolerate. In addition was suggested that canrenone might represent an effective therapy for idiopathic post-puberal hirsutism and it normalizds the cardiac response to the postural challenge in patients with preascitic cirrhosis. Canrenone seems to be effective in reducing blood pressure in patients with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, canrenone seems also to improve MPO, Lp(a), and metalloproteinases in these patients.